{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1774506389323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,12,1]],"date-time":"1999-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":944006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1022373205005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,28]],"date-time":"2003-03-28T17:25:21Z","timestamp":1048872321000},"page":"189-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Racial Differences in the Patterns of Singleton Preterm Delivery in the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Blackmore-Prince","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Burney","family":"Kieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krista A.","family":"Kugaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Ferr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurie D.","family":"Elam-Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara J.","family":"Krulewitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Gaudino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Overpeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"issue":"suppl","key":"412833_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease ControlPrevention, National Center for Health Statistics.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Births and deaths: United States, 1996. Monthly Vital Statistics Report 1997;46(suppl):1\u201344.","journal-title":"Monthly Vital Statistics Report"},{"key":"412833_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.11.1752","volume":"89","author":"KA. Sowards","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sowards KA. What is the leading cause of infant mortality? A note on the interpretation of official statistics. Am J Public Health 1999;89:1752\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"412833_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease ControlPrevention, National Center for Health Statistics.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Advance report of final natality statistics, 1988. Monthly Vital Statistics Report 1990;39(suppl):1\u201348.","journal-title":"Monthly Vital Statistics Report"},{"key":"412833_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036128","volume":"15","author":"GS Berkowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berkowitz GS, Papiernik E. Epidemiology of preterm birth. Epidemiol Rev 1993;15:414\u201343.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"412833_CR5","first-page":"185","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease ControlPrevention.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preterm singleton births\u2014United States, 1989\u20131996. MMWR 1999;48:185\u20139.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"412833_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.957","volume":"85","author":"G Singh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Singh G, Yu SM. Infant mortality in the United States: trends, differentials, and projections, 1950\u20132010. Am J Public Health 1995;85:957\u201364.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"412833_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198709173171209","volume":"317","author":"RE. Behrman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Behrman RE. Premature births among Black women [editorial]. N Engl J Med 1987;317:763\u20135.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"412833_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430040120039","volume":"262","author":"CJR Hogue","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hogue CJR, Yip R. Preterm delivery: can we lower the Black infant's first hurdle? JAMA 1989;262:548\u201350.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"412833_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198709173171206","volume":"317","author":"E Lieberman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lieberman E, Ryan KJ, Monson RR, Schoenbaum SC. Risk factors accounting for racial differences in the rate of premature birth. N Engl J Med 1987;317:743\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"412833_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.11.1317","volume":"76","author":"PH Shiono","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shiono PH, Klebanoff MA. Ethnic differences in preterm and very preterm delivery. Am J Public Health 1986;76:1317\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"412833_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116492","volume":"136","author":"GA McGrady","year":"1992","unstructured":"McGrady GA, Sung JFC, Rowley DL, Hogue CJR. Preterm delivery and low birth weight among first-born infants of Black and White college graduates. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:266\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR12","first-page":"372","volume":"3","author":"CA Blackmore","year":"1993","unstructured":"Blackmore CA, Ferr\u00e9 CD, Rowley DL, Hogue CJR, Gaiter J, Atrash H. Is race a risk factor or a risk marker for preterm delivery? Ethnicity Dis 1993;3:372\u20137.","journal-title":"Ethnicity Dis"},{"key":"412833_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980101)82:1<219::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"82","author":"HP Freeman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Freeman HP, President's Cancer Panel, National Cancer Institute. The meaning of race in science\u2014considerations for cancer research. Cancer 1998;82:219\u201325.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"412833_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)80001-3","volume":"164","author":"DA Savitz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Savitz DA, Blackmore CA, Thorp JM. Epidemiology of preterm delivery: etiologic heterogeneity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;164:467\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199805000-00011","volume":"9","author":"GS Berkowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berkowitz GS, Blackmore-Prince C, Lapinski RH, Savitz DA. Risk factors for preterm birth subtypes. Epidemiology 1998;9:279\u201385.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"412833_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00144.x","volume":"9","author":"CA Blackmore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blackmore CA, Savitz DA, Edwards LJ, Harlow SD, Bowes WA. Racial differences in the patterns of preterm delivery in central North Carolina, USA. Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol 1995;9:281\u201395.","journal-title":"Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00566-8","volume":"49","author":"BL Harlow","year":"1996","unstructured":"Harlow BL, Frigoletto FD, Cramer DW, Evans JK, LeFevre ML, Bain RP, et al. Determinants of preterm delivery in low-risk pregnancies. J Clin Epidemiol 1996;49:441\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR18","first-page":"3","volume":"3","author":"GR. Alexander","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alexander GR. Preterm birth: etiology, mechanisms and prevention. Prenat Neonat Med 1998;3:3\u20139.","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"key":"412833_CR19","first-page":"13","volume":"3","author":"MA. Klebanoff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Klebanoff MA. Conceptualizing categories of preterm birth. Prenat Neonat Med 1998;3:13\u201315.","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"key":"412833_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1995.tb00126.x","volume":"9","author":"MA Klebanoff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klebanoff MA, Shiono PH. Top down, bottom up and inside out: reflections on preterm birth. Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol 1995;9:125\u20139.","journal-title":"Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR21","volume-title":"Public use data tape documentation 1988: National Maternal and Infant Health Survey","author":"National Center for Health Statistics.","year":"1991","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics. Public use data tape documentation 1988: National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991."},{"key":"412833_CR22","unstructured":"Sanderson M, Scott C, Gonzalez JF. 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey: Methods and response characteristics. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 2, No. 125. National Center for Health Statistics, 1998."},{"key":"412833_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1991.tb00050.x","volume":"18","author":"M Sanderson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sanderson M, Placek PJ, Keppel KG. The 1988 national maternal and infant health survey: design, content, and da availability. Birth 1991;18:26\u201332.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"412833_CR24","volume-title":"SUDAAN user's manual, release 7.0","author":"BV Shah","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shah BV, Barnwell BG, Bieler GS. SUDAAN user's manual, release 7.0. Research Triangle Park, NC: Research Triangle Institute, 1996."},{"key":"412833_CR25","series-title":"Vital and Health Statistics","volume-title":"A method of imputing length of gestation on birth certificates","author":"S Taffel","year":"1982","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics, Taffel S, Johnson D, Heuser R. A method of imputing length of gestation on birth certificates. Vital and Health Statistics, Series 2, No. 93. Pub. No. (PHS) 82-1367. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982."},{"key":"412833_CR26","first-page":"179","volume-title":"From data to action: CDC's public health surveillance for women, infants and children","author":"CA Blackmore","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blackmore CA, Rowley DL, Kiely JL. Preterm birth. In: From data to action: CDC's public health surveillance for women, infants and children (pp. 179\u201383). Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994."},{"key":"412833_CR27","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc. SAS\/STAT user's guide, version 6, 4th ed., Vol. 2. Carry, NC: 1989."},{"key":"412833_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4108-7","volume-title":"Logistic regression: A self-learning text","author":"DG. Kleinbaum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG. Logistic regression: A self-learning text. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1994."},{"key":"412833_CR29","first-page":"65","volume":"81","author":"MM Adams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Adams MM, Read JA, Rawlings JS, Harlass FB, Sarno AP, Rhodes PH. Preterm delivery among Black and White enlisted women in the United States Army. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:65\u201371.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR30","first-page":"343","volume":"77","author":"JM Tucker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tucker JM, Goldenberg RL, Davis RO, Copper RL, Winkler CL, Hauth JC. Etiologies of preterm birth in an indigent population: is prevention a logical expectation? Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:343\u20137.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR31","volume-title":"Survival analysis using the SAS system: A pactical guide","author":"PD. Allison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Allison, PD. Survival analysis using the SAS system: A pactical guide, Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc., 1995."},{"key":"412833_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3306","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410220090034","volume":"260","author":"MS Kramer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kramer MS, McLean FH, Boyd ME, Usher RH. The validity of gestational age estimation by menstrual dating in term, preterm, and postterm gestations. J. Am Med Assoc 1988;260:3306\u20138.","journal-title":"J. Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"412833_CR33","first-page":"243","volume":"73","author":"IK Rossavik","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rossavik IK, Fishburne JI. Conceptional age, menstrual age, and ultrasound age: a second-trimester comparison of pregnancies of known conception date with pregnancies dated from the last menstrual period. Obstet Gynecol 1989;73:243\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(89)90473-0","volume":"160","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Davis RO, Cutter GR, Hoffman HJ, Brumfield CG, Foster JM. Prematurity, postdates, and growth retardation: the influence of use of ultrasonography on reported gestational age. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:462\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"412833_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00005","volume":"41","author":"JL. Kiely","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kiely JL. What is the population-based risk of preterm birth among twins and other multiples? Clin Obstet Gynecol 1998;41(1):3\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR36","first-page":"56","volume":"3","author":"MC Allen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Allen MC, Amiel-Tison C, Alexander GR. Measurement of gestational age and maturity. Prenat Neonat Med 1998;3:56\u20139.","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"key":"412833_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116534","volume":"136","author":"RB Hakim","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hakim RB, Tielsch JM, See LC. Agreement between maternal interview and medical record-based gestational age. Am J Epidemiol 1992;136:566\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1997.tb00009.x","volume":"11","author":"ES Emery III","year":"1997","unstructured":"Emery III ES, Eaton A. Grether JK, Nelson KB. Assessment of gestational age using birth certificate data compared with medical record data. Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol 1997;11:313\u201321.","journal-title":"Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00786.x","volume":"6","author":"GR Alexander","year":"1992","unstructured":"Alexander GR, de Caunes F, Hulsey TC, Tompkins ME, Allen M. Ethnic variation in postnatal assessments of gestational age: a reappraisal. Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol 1992;6:423\u201333.","journal-title":"Paediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henricksen TB, Wilcox AJ, Hedegaard M, Secher NJ. Bias in studies of preterm and postterm delivery due to ultrasound assessment of gestational age. Epidemiology 1995;533\u20137.","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199509000-00012"},{"issue":"5","key":"412833_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00162-J","volume":"48","author":"ML Reuss","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reuss ML, Hatch MC, Susser M. Early ultrasound dating of pregnancy selection and measurement biases. J Clin Epidemiol 1995;48(5):667\u201374.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"412833_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199210013271401","volume":"327","author":"A Kempe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kempe A, Wise PH, Barkan SE, Sappenfield WM, Sachs B, Gortmaker SL, et al. Clinical determinants of the racial disparity in very low birth weight. N Engl J Med 1992;327:969\u201373.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"412833_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90667-2","volume":"151","author":"DM Main","year":"1985","unstructured":"Main DM, Gabbe SG, Richardson D, Strong S. Can preterm deliveries be prevented? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:892\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR44","first-page":"452","volume":"59","author":"MA Herron","year":"1981","unstructured":"Herron MA, Katz M, Creasy RK. Evaluation of a preterm birth prevention program: Preliminary report. Obstet Gynecol 1981;59:452\u20136.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90383-2","volume":"154","author":"B Gonik","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gonik B, Creasy RK. Preterm labor: its diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986;154:3\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"412833_CR46","first-page":"53","volume":"3","author":"GS Berkowitz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH. Relative and attributable risk estimates for preterm birth. Prenat Neonat Med 1998;3:53\u20135.","journal-title":"Prenat Neonat Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"412833_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512283332603","volume":"333","author":"JC Hauth","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hauth JC, Goldenberg RL, Andrews WW, DuBard MB, Copper RL. Reduced incidence of preterm delivery and metronidazole and erythromycin in women with bacterial vaginosis. N Engl J Med 1995;333(26):1732\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8985","key":"412833_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91868-X","volume":"346","author":"BM Mercer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mercer BM, Arheart KL. Antimicrobial therapy in expectant management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Lancet 1995;346(8985):1271\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"412833_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70201-1","volume":"177","author":"RS Gibbs","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gibbs RS, Eschenbach DA. Use of antibiotics to prevent preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177(2):375\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"412833_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90184-1","volume":"173","author":"JA McGregor","year":"1995","unstructured":"McGregor JA, French JI, Parker R, Draper D, Patterson E, Jones W, et al. Prevention of premature birth by screening and treatment for common genital tract infections: results of a prospective controlled evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173(1):157\u201366.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1022373205005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1022373205005\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1022373205005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T12:02:15Z","timestamp":1752148935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1022373205005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}},"alternative-id":["412833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1022373205005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,12]]}}}