{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T23:36:57Z","timestamp":1776728217335,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,1]],"date-time":"2002-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pituitary"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1023365200437","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,6]],"date-time":"2003-06-06T13:40:40Z","timestamp":1054906840000},"page":"175-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Radiation Therapy for Cushing's Disease: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ashraf S.","family":"Mahmoud-Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John H.","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"5120840_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00015","volume":"130","author":"B Swearingen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Swearingen B, Biller BMK, Barker FG II, Katznelson L, Grinspoon S, Klibanski A, Zervas NT. Long-term mortality after transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing disease. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:821\u2013824.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"5120840_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-6-487","volume":"109","author":"TJ Mampalam","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mampalam TJ, Tyrrell B, Wilson CB. Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing disease: A report of 216 cases. Ann Intern Med 1988;109:487\u2013493.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0300-0664.2001.01444.x","volume":"56","author":"LB Yap","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yap LB, Turner HE, Adams CB, Wass JA. Undetectable postoperative cortisol does not always predict long-term remission in Cushing's disease: A single centre audit. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2002;56(1):25\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"5120840_CR4","first-page":"81","volume":"63","author":"E Knosp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Knosp E, Perneczky A, Kitz K, Grunert P, Wild A. The need for adjunctive focused radiation therapy in pituitary adenomas. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1995;63:81\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"5120840_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360303","volume":"336","author":"J Estrada","year":"1997","unstructured":"Estrada J, Boronat M, Mielgo M, Magallon R, Millan I, Diez S, Lucas T, Barcelo B. The long-term outcome of pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease. N Engl J Med 1997;336:172\u2013177.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-282X2002000100020","volume":"60","author":"OI Tella Jr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tella OI Jr, Herculano MA, Delcello R, Aguiar PH. ACTH pituitary adenomas: Neurosurgical aspects. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002;60(1):113\u2013118.","journal-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr"},{"key":"5120840_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6355-6_2","volume":"89","author":"G Cizza","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cizza G, Chrousos GP. Adrenocorticotrophic hormonedependent Cushing's syndrome. Cancer Treatment & Research 1997;89:25\u201340.","journal-title":"Cancer Treatment & Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"5120840_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(98)70251-X","volume":"123","author":"R Lanzi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lanzi R, Montorsi F, Losa M, Centemero A, Manzoni MF, Rigatti P, Cornaggia G, Pontiroli AE, Guazzoni G. Laparoscopic bilateral adrenalectomy for persistent Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. Surg 1998;123(2):144\u2013150.","journal-title":"Surg"},{"key":"5120840_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70064-5","volume":"28","author":"N Sonino","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sonino N, Boscaro M. Medical therapy for Cushing's disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999;28:211\u2013222.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"5120840_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198709243171307","volume":"317","author":"N. Sonino","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sonino N. The use of ketoconazole as an inhibitor of steroid production. N Engl J Med 1987;317:812\u2013818.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5120840_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-63-6-1365","volume":"63","author":"P Loli","year":"1986","unstructured":"Loli P, Berselli ME, Tagliaferri M. Use of ketoconazole in the treatment of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986;63:1365\u20131371.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"5120840_CR12","first-page":"3542","volume":"83","author":"WM Drake","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drake WM, Perry LA, Hinds CJ, Lowe DG, Reznek RH, Besser GM. Emergency and prolonged use of intravenous etomidate to control hypercortisolemia in a patient with Cushing's syndrome and peritonitis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3542\u20133544.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"5120840_CR13","first-page":"2647","volume":"81","author":"N Sonino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sonino N, Zielezny M, Fava GA, Fallo F, Boscaro M. Risk factors and long-term outcome in pituitary-dependent Cushing's disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81(7):2647\u20132652.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8140(96)91807-1","volume":"41","author":"RW Tsang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tsang RW, Brierley JD, Panzarella T, Gospodarowicz MK, Sutcliffe SB, Simpson WJ. Role of radiation therapy in clinical hormonally-active pituitary adenomas. Radiother Oncol 1996; 41(1):45\u201353.","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01839-5","volume":"16","author":"SR. Freidberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Freidberg SR. Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery in the treatment of patients with Cushing's disease. Urol Clin North Am 1989;16(3):589\u2013595.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"5120840_CR16","first-page":"470","volume":"125","author":"A Vicente","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vicente A, Estrada J, de la Cuerda C, Astigarraga B, Marazuela M, Blanco C, Lucas T, Barcelo B. Results of external pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991;125(5):470\u2013474.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"issue":"9","key":"5120840_CR17","first-page":"860","volume":"107","author":"MW Edmonds","year":"1972","unstructured":"Edmonds MW, Simpson WJ, Meakin JW. External irradiation of the hypophysis for Cushing's disease. Can Med Assoc J 1972;107(9):860\u2013862.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5120840_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S1042-3680(18)30083-4","volume":"11","author":"JH Suh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Suh JH, Saxton JP. Conventional radiation therapy for skull base tumors: An overview. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2000;11(4):575\u2013586.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"5120840_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00066-002-0826-x","volume":"178","author":"G Becker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Becker G, Kocher M, Kortmann RD, Paulsen F, Jeremic B, Muller RP, Bamberg M. Radiation therapy in the multimodal treatment approach of pituitary adenoma. Strahlenther Onkol 2002;178(4):173\u2013186.","journal-title":"Strahlenther Onkol"},{"issue":"2-3Pt2","key":"5120840_CR20","first-page":"285","volume":"48","author":"P Colin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colin P, Delemer B, Nakib I, Caron J, Bazin A, Bernard MH, Peruzzi P, Scavarda D, Scherpereel B, Longuebray A, Redon C, Petel F, Rousseaux P. Unsuccessful surgery of Cushing's disease. Role and efficacy of fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy. Neurochirurgie 2002;48(2-3 Pt 2):285\u2013293.","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-199102000-00005","volume":"14","author":"LM Tran","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tran LM, Blount L, Horton D, Sadeghi A, Parker RG. Radiation therapy of pituitary tumors: Results in 95 cases. Am J Clin Oncol 1991;14(1):25\u201329.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6446","key":"5120840_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6446.643","volume":"289","author":"SR Ahmed","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ahmed SR, Shalet SM, Beardwell CG, Sutton ML. Treatment of Cushing's disease with low dose radiation therapy. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984;289(6446):643\u2013646.","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5120840_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb03883.x","volume":"33","author":"MD Littley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Littley MD, Shalet SM, Beardwell CG, Ahmed SR, Sutton ML. Long-term follow-up of low-dose external pituitary irradiation for Cushing's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1990;33(4):445\u2013455.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR24","first-page":"935","volume":"75","author":"M Murayama","year":"1992","unstructured":"Murayama M, Yasuda K, Minamori Y, Mercado-Asis LB, Yamakita N, Miura K. Long term follow-up of Cushing's disease treated with reserpine and pituitary irradiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;75(3):935\u2013942.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"5120840_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(93)90520-6","volume":"27","author":"MN Hughes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hughes MN, Llamas KJ, Tripcony LB, Yelland ME. Pituitary adenomas: Long-term results for radiation therapy alone and post-operative radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993;27(5):1035\u20131043.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"5120840_CR26","first-page":"647","volume":"19","author":"J Newell-Price","year":"1998","unstructured":"Newell-Price J, Trainer P, Besser M, Grossman A. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and pseudo-Cushing's states. Endocr Rev 1998;19:647\u2013672.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"5120840_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(05)70063-3","volume":"28","author":"JW Findling","year":"1999","unstructured":"Findling JW, Raff H. Newer diagnostic techniques and problems in Cushing's disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1999;28:191\u2013210.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"5120840_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8588(05)70265-3","volume":"15","author":"MD. Weil","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weil MD. Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2001;15(6):1017\u20131026.","journal-title":"Hematol Oncol Clin North Am"},{"key":"5120840_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01049978","volume":"17","author":"LB. Markes","year":"1993","unstructured":"Markes LB. Conventional fractionated radiation therapy vs. radiosurgery. J Neurooncol 1993;17:223\u2013230.","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"5120840_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890008995912","volume":"32","author":"WA Friedman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Friedman WA, Foote KD. Linear accelerator radiosurgery in the management of brain tumors. Ann Med 2000;32:64\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"5120840_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/028418699431573","volume":"38","author":"RP Levy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Levy RP, Schulte RW, Slater JD, Miller DW, Slater JM. Stereotactic radiosurgery-The role of charged particles. Acta Oncol 1999;38:165\u2013169.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"5120840_CR32","first-page":"757","volume":"139","author":"V Vladyka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vladyka V, Liscak R, Simonova G, Chytka T, Novotny J Jr, Vymazal J, Marek J, Hana V, Vavros D. Radiosurgical treatment of hypophyseal adenomas with the gamma knife: Results in a group of 163 patients during a 5-year period. Cas Lek Cesk 2000;139(24):757\u2013766.","journal-title":"Cas Lek Cesk"},{"issue":"2","key":"5120840_CR33","first-page":"284","volume":"49","author":"C Hoybye","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hoybye C, Grenback E, Rahn T, Degerblad M, Thoren M, Hulting. Adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing pituitary tumors: 12-to 22-year follow-up after treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgery 2001;49(2):284\u2013291; discussion 291-292.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"5120840_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1159\/000048393","volume":"75","author":"N Zhang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhang N, Pan L, Dai J, Wang B, Wang E, ZhangW, Cai P. Gamma Knife radiosurgery as a primary surgical treatment for hypersecreting pituitary adenomas. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2000;75:123\u2013128.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"5120840_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marcou Y, Plowman PN. Stereotacic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas. TEM 200;11(4):132-137.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(00)00242-3"},{"issue":"5","key":"5120840_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.5.0738","volume":"93","author":"JM Sheehan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sheehan JM, Vance ML, Sheehan JP, Ellegala DB, Laws ER Jr. Radiosurgery for Cushing's disease after failed transsphenoidal surgery. J Neurosurg 2000;93(5):738\u2013742.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"5120840_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000056445","volume":"72","author":"SH Kim","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kim SH, Huh R, Chang JW, Park YG, Chung SS. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for functioning pituitary adenomas. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999;72(Suppl 1):101\u2013110.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl3","key":"5120840_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.supplement_3.0019","volume":"93","author":"M Izawa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Izawa M, Hayashi M, Nakaya K, Satoh H, Ochiai T, Hori T, Takakura K. Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 2000;93(Suppl 3):19\u201322.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"5120840_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1159\/000056414","volume":"70","author":"L Pan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pan L, Zhang N, Wang E, Wang B, Xu W. Pituitary adenomas: The effect of gamma knife radiosurgery on tumor growth and endocrinopathies. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1998;70(Suppl 1):119\u2013126.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"5120840_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000056448","volume":"72","author":"HK Inoue","year":"1999","unstructured":"Inoue HK, Kohga H, Hirato M, Sasaki T, Ishihara J, Shibazaki T, Ohye C, Andou Y. Pituitary adenomas treated by microsurgery with or without Gamma Knife surgery: Experience in 122 cases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1999;72(Suppl 1):125\u2013131.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl1","key":"5120840_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000056415","volume":"70","author":"I Morange-Ramos","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morange-Ramos I, Regis J, Dufour H, Andrieu JM, Grisoli F, Jaquet P, Peragut JC. Short-term endocrinological results after gamma knife surgery of pituitary adenomas. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1998;70(Suppl 1):127\u2013138.","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"5120840_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00124-2","volume":"41","author":"SC Yoon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yoon SC, Suh TS, Jang HS, Chung SM, Kim YS, Ryu MR, Choi KH, Son HY, Kim MC, Shinn KS. Clinical results of 24 pituitary macroadenomas with linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41(4):849\u2013853.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"5120840_CR43","first-page":"42","volume":"32","author":"EI Marova","year":"1987","unstructured":"Marova EI, Starkova NT, Kirpatovskaia LE, Kolesnikova GS, Bukhman AI. Results of treatment of Itsenko-Cushing disease using proton irradiation of the hypophysis. Med Radiol (Mosk) 1987;32(8):42\u201349.","journal-title":"Med Radiol (Mosk)"},{"issue":"7","key":"5120840_CR44","first-page":"16","volume":"36","author":"BA Konnov","year":"1991","unstructured":"Konnov BA, Konnova LA, Lebedeva NA, Shalek RA. The effect of proton therapy on the protein-amino acid metabolism in Itsenko-Cushing disease. Med Radiol (Mosk) 1991;36(7):16\u201318.","journal-title":"Med Radiol (Mosk)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR45","first-page":"17","volume":"35","author":"MA Zhukovskii","year":"1990","unstructured":"Zhukovskii MA, Bukhman AI, Levshina RB, Kirpatovskaia LE, Kolesnikova GS, Pankova SS, Lisovets SP. The efficacy of proton irradiation of the hypophysis in children with Itsenko-Cushing disease. Med Radiol (Mosk) 1990;35(1):17\u201322.","journal-title":"Med Radiol (Mosk)"},{"key":"5120840_CR46","unstructured":"Zhukovskii MA, Bukhman AI, Levshina RB. Radiotherapy in the treatment of children with Itsenko-Cushing's disease. Pediatriia 1989;(11):42-48."},{"issue":"8","key":"5120840_CR47","first-page":"17","volume":"32","author":"EA Zherbin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zherbin EA, Konnov BA, Mel'nikov LA, Zargarova OP, Miagkov VP. Proton therapy: Clinico-methodological aspects, treatment results. Med Radiol (Mosk) 1987;32(8):17\u201322.","journal-title":"Med Radiol (Mosk)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR48","first-page":"34","volume":"32","author":"EK Bozadzhieva","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bozadzhieva EK, Andreeva MA, Karagiozov L, Karagiozov K, Georgiev CH. Principles of selection of the method of treating Itsenko-Cushing disease]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 1986;32(3):34\u201338.","journal-title":"Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)"},{"key":"5120840_CR49","first-page":"173","volume":"77","author":"MT Gomez","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gomez MT, Magiakou MA, Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP. The pituitary corticotroph is not the rate-limiting step in the postoperative recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199377:173\u2013177.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"5120840_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-43-2-295","volume":"43","author":"DM Cook","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cook DM, Jordan RM, Kendall JW, Linfoot JA. Rapid appearance of transient secondary adrenocortical insufficiency after alpha-particle radiation therapy for Cushing's disease. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 1976;43(2):295\u2013300.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(98)00256-9","volume":"42","author":"M Mitsumori","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mitsumori M, Shrieve DC, Alexander E 3rd, Kaiser UB, Richardson GE, Black PM, Loeffler JS. Initial clinical results of LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic radiotherapy for pituitary adenomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;42(3):573\u2013580.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"37","author":"GM Molinatti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Molinatti GM, Limone P, Porta M. Treatment of Cushing's disease by interstitial pituitary irradiation: Short-and long-term follow-up. Panminerva Med 1995;37(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1979.tb03080.x","volume":"11","author":"J Cassar","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cassar J, Doyle FH, Mashiter K, Joplin GF. Treatment of Cushing's disease in juveniles with interstitial pituitary irradiation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1979;11(3):313\u2013321.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"5120840_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-65-3-441","volume":"65","author":"LM Sandler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sandler LM, Richards NT, Carr DH, Mashiter K, Joplin GF. Long term follow-up of patients with Cushing's disease treated by interstitial irradiation. J Clinic Endocrinol Metabol 1987;65(3):441\u2013447.","journal-title":"J Clinic Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"6337","key":"5120840_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6337.280","volume":"285","author":"MC White","year":"1982","unstructured":"White MC, Doyle FH, Mashiter K, Joplin GF. Successful treatment of Cushing's disease using yttrium-90 rods. British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed 1982;285(6337):280\u2013282.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Clinical Research Ed"},{"issue":"1","key":"5120840_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0919-6544.2001.00426.x","volume":"22","author":"H Nishioka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nishioka H, Hirano A, Haraoka J, Nakajima N. Histological changes in the pituitary gland and adenomas following radiotherapy. Neuropathol 2002;22(1):19\u201325.","journal-title":"Neuropathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5120840_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.629","volume":"31","author":"H Tsukamoto","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tsukamoto H, Yoshinari M, Okamura K, Ishitsuka T, Fujishima M. Meningioma developed 25 years after radiation therapy for Cushing's disease. Intern Med 1992;31(5):629\u2013632.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5120840_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2001.01385.x","volume":"55","author":"EM Erfurth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Erfurth EM, Bulow B, Mikoczy Z, Svahn-Tapper G, Hagmar L. Is there an increase in second brain tumours after surgery and irradiation for a pituitary tumour?. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2001;55(5):613\u2013616.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5120840_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-6-487","volume":"109","author":"TJ Mampalam","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mampalam TJ, Tyrrell JB, Wilson CB. Transsphenoidal microsurgery for Cushing's disease. A report of 216 cases. Ann Intern Med 1988;109(6):487\u2013493.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5120840_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.00958.x","volume":"52","author":"SK Nagesser","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nagesser SK, van Seters AP, Kievit J, Hermans J, van Dulken H, Krans HM, van de Velde CJ. Treatment of pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome: Long-term results of unilateral adrenalectomy followed by external pituitary irradiation compared to transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2000;52(4):427\u2013435.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"}],"container-title":["Pituitary"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1023365200437.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1023365200437\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1023365200437.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T04:49:16Z","timestamp":1754282956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1023365200437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5120840"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1023365200437","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-341X","1573-7403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-341X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,9]]}}}