{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T18:30:51Z","timestamp":1780338651635,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]],"date-time":"2005-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":638,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Traumatic Stress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The well\u2010documented association between combat\u2010related PTSD (C\u2010PTSD) and other mental disorders may be an artifact of shared familial vulnerability. This study uses a co\u2010twin control design to examine whether the association between C\u2010PTSD and other mental disorders persists after adjusting for shared familial vulnerability. Data were from male monozygotic\u2010twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that combat exposure, adjusted for C\u2010PTSD, was significantly associated with increased risk for alcohol and cannabis dependence and that C\u2010PTSD mediated the association between combat exposure and both major depression and tobacco dependence. We conclude C\u2010PTSD comorbidity persists after controlling for shared vulnerability. Combat exposure is directly and indirectly, through C\u2010PTSD, associated with increased risk for other mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1025786925483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T18:33:40Z","timestamp":1067020420000},"page":"433-438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Co\u2010twin control study of relationships among combat exposure, combat\u2010related PTSD, and other mental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Karestan C.","family":"Koenen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Toomey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"True","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming T.","family":"Tsuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1999.10471731"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00933-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","volume-title":"Statistical methods in cancer research, 1. 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