{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T20:06:50Z","timestamp":1781294810584,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dig Dis Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1026634229934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,6]],"date-time":"2003-11-06T12:29:30Z","timestamp":1068121770000},"page":"637-642","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Changes in Bacterial Enzymes and PCR Profiles of Fecal Bacteria from a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis Before and After Antimicrobial Treatments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Rafii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanneke G. H. Ruseler-Van","family":"Embden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. M. C.","family":"Van Lieshout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"295897_CR1","first-page":"5S","volume":"92","author":"RB Sartor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sartor RB: Pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. Am J Gastroenterol 92:5S-11S,1997","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"295897_CR2","first-page":"78","volume":"30","author":"DP Jewell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jewell DP: Immunology of inflammatory bowel disease\u2014an update. J Gastroenterol 30( suppl):78-82, 1995","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295897_CR3","first-page":"381","volume":"43","author":"I Koutroubakis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koutroubakis I, Manousos ON, Meuwissen SG, Pena AS: Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Hepato-Gastroenterol 43:381-393, 1996","journal-title":"Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease. Hepato-Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295897_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529309104019","volume":"28","author":"P Benno","year":"1993","unstructured":"Benno P, Leijonmarck CE, Monsen U, Uribe A, Midvedt T: Functional alteration of the microflora in patients with ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 28:839-844, 1993","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295897_CR5","first-page":"99","volume":"32","author":"LA Dieleman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dieleman LA, Pena AS, Meuwissen SGM, Vaneer EP: Role of animal mode ls for the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 32:99-104, 1997","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295897_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.19.12.1099","volume":"19","author":"MR Keighley","year":"1978","unstructured":"Keighley MR, Arabi Y, Dimock F, Burdon DW, Allan RN, Alexander-Williams J: Influence of inflammatory bowel disease in intestinal microflora. Gut 19:1099-1104, 1978","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295897_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-35-4-238","volume":"35","author":"MH Gaiffer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gaiffer MH, Holdsworth CD, Duerden BI: The assessment of faecalflora in patients with inflammatory bowel disease by a simplified bacteriological technique. J Med Microbiol 35:238-243, 1991","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"295897_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(68)80072-1","volume":"54","author":"SL Gorbach","year":"1968","unstructured":"Gorbach SL, Nahas L, Plaut AG, Weinstein L, Patterson JF, Levitan R: Studies of intestinal microflora. V. Fecal microbial ecology in ulcerative colitis and re gional enteritis, relationship to seve rity of disease and chemoTherapy. Gastroenterology 54:575-587, 1968","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"295897_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700940225","volume":"9","author":"EM Cooke","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cooke EM: A quantitative comparison of the faecalfloraof patients with ulcerative colitis and that of normal persons.J Pathol Bacteriol 9:439-444, 1967","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"295897_CR10","volume-title":"Human Colonic bacteria: Role in Nutrition, Physiology and Pathology","author":"VS Chadwick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chadwick VS, Anderson RP: The role of intestinal bacteria in etiology and maintenance of inflammatory bowel disease. In Human Colonic bacteria: Role in Nutrition, Physiology and Pathology. GR Gibson and GT Macfarlane (ed). CRC Press, London, 1995"},{"key":"295897_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0830623","volume":"83","author":"AH Raouf","year":"1992","unstructured":"Raouf AH, Tsai HH, Parker N, Hoffman J, Walker RJ, Rhodes JM: Sulphation of colonic and rectal mucin in inflammatory bowel disease: reduced sulphation of rectal mucus in ulcerative colitis. Clin Sci 83:623-626, 1992","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"295897_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0820447","volume":"84","author":"HH Tsai","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tsai HH, Sunderland D, Gibson GR, Hart CA, Rhodes JM: A novel mucin sulfatase from human feces. Its identification, purification and characterization. Clin Sci 84:447-454, 1992","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"295897_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.4.570","volume":"36","author":"HH Tsai","year":"1995","unstructured":"Tsai HH, Dwarakanath AD, Hart CA, Milton JD, Rhodes JM: Increased mucin sulfatase activity in ulcerative colitis: a potential target for treatment. Gut 36:570-576, 1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295897_CR14","volume-title":"Human Colonic bacteria: Role in Nutrition, Physiology and Pathology","author":"IR Rowland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rowland IR: Toxicology of the colon: Role of intestinal microflora. In Human Colonic bacteria: Role in Nutrition, Physiology and Pathology. GR Gibson and GT Macfarlane (ed).CRC Press, London, 1995"},{"key":"295897_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02220454","volume":"40","author":"O Carrette","year":"1995","unstructured":"Carrette O, Favier C, Mizon C, Neut C, Cortot A: Bacteria used for colon specific drug delivery are decreased in active Crohn's disease. Dig Dis Sci 40:2641-2646, 1995","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295897_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018801608744","volume":"42","author":"F Rafii","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rafii F, Ruseler-Van Embden JGH, Asad YF: Azoreductase and nitroreductase activity of bacteria in feces from patients with an ileal reservoir. Dig Dis Sci 42:133-136, 1997","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"295897_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4822","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.16.4822-4829.1996","volume":"178","author":"PS Hoffman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hoffman PS, Goodwin A, Johnsen J, Magee K, Veldhuyzen van Zanten SJO: Metabolic activitie s of me tronidazolesensitive and-resistant strains of Helicobacterpylori: Repression of pyruvate oxidoreductase and expression resistance. J Bacteriol 178:4822-4829, 1996","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"295897_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000199486","volume":"37","author":"JG Ruseler-van Embden","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ruseler-van Embden JG, van Lieshout LM: Increased fecal glycosidases in patients with Crohn' s disease. Digestion 37:43-50, 1987","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"295897_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.5.658","volume":"35","author":"JGH Ruseler-van Embden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ruseler-van Embden JGH, Schouten WR, van Lieshout LMC: Pouchitis: Results of microbial imbalance? Gut 35:658-664,1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295897_CR20","first-page":"E3","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Fritsch FF, Maniatis T: Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Vol 3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, 1989, pp E3-E10","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"295897_CR21","first-page":"301","volume":"57","author":"JM Dumonceau","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dumonceau JM, Adler M, Cremer M, Van Gossum A: The role of infectious agents in Crohn' s disease. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 57:301-305, 1994","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"295897_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199506000-00012","volume":"20","author":"HJ Van Kruiningen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Van Kruiningen HJ: On the use of antibiotics in Crohn's disease J Clin Gastroenterol 20:310-316, 1995","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"295897_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-18-3-335","volume":"18","author":"MJ Hudson","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hudson MJ, Hill MJ, Elliott PR, Berghouse LM, Burnham WR, Lennard-Jones JE: The microbialflora of The rectal mucosa and faeces of patients with Crohn's disease before and during antimicrobial chemoTherapy. J Med Microbiol 18:335-345, 1984","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"295897_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1159\/000201045","volume":"54","author":"R Fabia","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fabia R, Ar'Rajab A, Johansson ML, Andersson R, Willen R, Jeppsson B, Molin G, Bengmark S: Impairment of bacterial flora in human ulcerative colitis and experimental colitis. Digestion 54:248-255, 1993","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"key":"295897_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.26.8.761","volume":"26","author":"JM Rhodes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rhodes JM, Gallimore R, Elias E, Allan RN, Kennedy JF: Fecal mucus degrading glycosidase in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gut 26:761-765, 1985","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295897_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)91016-B","volume":"104","author":"WE Roediger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roediger WE, Duncan A, Kapaniris O, Millard S: Reducing sulfur compounds of the colon impair colonocyte nutrition: Implication for ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 104:802-809, 1993","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"295897_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.1.58","volume":"37","author":"AD Dwarakanath","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dwarakanath AD, Campbell BJ, Tsai HH, Sunderland D, Hart CA, Rhodes JM: Faecal mucinase activity assessed in inflammatory bowel disease, using 14C threonine labeled mucin substrate. Gut 37:58-62, 1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"295897_CR28","first-page":"216","volume":"82","author":"B Schorr-Lesnick","year":"1988","unstructured":"Schorr-Lesnick B, Brandt LJ: Selected rheumatologic and dermatologic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 82:216-233, 1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Digestive Diseases and Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1026634229934.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1026634229934\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1026634229934.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T02:57:08Z","timestamp":1752461828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1026634229934"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}},"alternative-id":["295897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1026634229934","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-2116","1573-2568"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-2116","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2568","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]}}}