{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T23:45:06Z","timestamp":1772495106529,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1000675521611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,20]],"date-time":"2002-12-20T23:36:26Z","timestamp":1040427386000},"page":"35-47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Evolution of competitive fitness in experimental populations of E. coli: What makes one genotype a better competitor than another?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Lenski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Mongold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Sniegowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Travisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Vasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Gerrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"152417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6791","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.23.6791-6797.1995","volume":"177","author":"T Akerlund","year":"1995","unstructured":"Akerlund T, Nordstr\u00f6m K & Bernander R (1995) Analysis of cell size and DNA content in exponentially growing and stationary-phase batch cultures of Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 177: 6791-6797","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"152417_CR2","first-page":"1527","volume-title":"Escherichia coliand Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology","author":"H Bremer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bremer H & Dennis PP (1987) Modulation of chemical composition and other parameters of the cell by growth rate. In: Neidhardt FC, Ingraham JL, Low KB, Magasanik B, Schaechter M & Umbarger HE (Eds) Escherichia coliand Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, Vol 2 (pp 1527-1542). American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC"},{"key":"152417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2307\/2408181","volume":"37","author":"L Chao","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chao L & Cox EC (1983) Competition between high and low mutating strains of Escherichia coli. Evolution 37: 125-134","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"152417_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.10.120176.001031","volume":"10","author":"EC Cox","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cox EC (1976) Bacterial mutator genes and the control of spontaneous mutation. Annual Review of Genetics 10: 135-156","journal-title":"Annual Review of Genetics"},{"key":"152417_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7160","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.16.7160","volume":"88","author":"JW Drake","year":"1991","unstructured":"Drake JW (1991) A constant rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA-based microbes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88: 7160-7164","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA"},{"key":"152417_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(90)90067-N","volume":"5","author":"DE Dykhuizen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dykhuizen DE & Dean AM (1990) Enzyme activity and fitness: evolution in solution. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 5: 257-262","journal-title":"Trends in Ecology & Evolution"},{"key":"152417_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.47.2.150-168.1983","volume":"47","author":"DE Dykhuizen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Dykhuizen DE & Hartl DL (1983) Selection in chemostats. Microbiological Reviews 47: 150-168","journal-title":"Microbiological Reviews"},{"key":"152417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5269.1802","volume":"272","author":"SF Elena","year":"1996","unstructured":"Elena SF, Cooper VS & Lenski RE (1996) Punctuated evolution caused by selection of rare beneficial mutations. Science 272: 1802-1804","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"152417_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerrish PJ & Lenski RE (1998) The fate of competing beneficial mutations in an asexual population. Genetica: in press","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-5210-5_12"},{"key":"152417_CR10","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Evolution of Genes and Proteins","author":"BG Hall","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hall BG (1983) Evolution of new metabolic functions in laboratory organisms. In: Nei M & Koehn RK (Eds) Evolution of Genes and Proteins (pp 234-257). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA"},{"key":"152417_CR11","first-page":"309","volume":"87","author":"T Horiuchi","year":"1989","unstructured":"Horiuchi T, Maki H & Sekiguchi M (1989) Mutators and fidelity of DNA replication. Bulletin Institut Pasteur 87: 309-336","journal-title":"Bulletin Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"152417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511623486","volume-title":"The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution","author":"M Kimura","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kimura M (1983) The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"152417_CR13","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Microbiology","author":"RE Lenski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lenski RE (1992) Experimental evolution. In Lederberg J (Ed) Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Vol 2 (pp 125-140). Academic Press, San Diego"},{"key":"152417_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00265.x","volume":"4","author":"RE Lenski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lenski RE (1995) Molecules are more than markers: new directions in molecular microbial ecology. Molecular Ecology 4: 643-651","journal-title":"Molecular Ecology"},{"key":"152417_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.15.6808","volume":"91","author":"RE Lenski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lenski RE & Travisano M (1994) Dynamics of adaptation and diversification: A 10,000generation experiment with bacterial populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 91: 6808-6814","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA"},{"key":"152417_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1086\/285289","volume":"138","author":"RE Lenski","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lenski RE, Rose MR, Simpson SC & Tadler SC (1991) Longterm experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. The American Naturalist 138: 1315-1341","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"},{"key":"152417_CR17","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Coevolution","author":"BR Levin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Levin BR & Lenski RE (1983) Coevolution in bacteria and their viruses and plasmids. In: Futuyma DJ & Slatkin M (Eds) Coevolution (pp 99-127). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA"},{"key":"152417_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/28.6.491","volume":"28","author":"SE Luria","year":"1943","unstructured":"Luria SE & Delbr\u00fcck M (1943) Mutations of bacteria from virus sensitivity to virus resistance. Genetics 28: 491-511","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"152417_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.17.5333-5334.1996","volume":"178","author":"JA Mongold","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mongold JA & Lenski RE (1996) Experimental rejection of a nonadaptive explanation for increased cell size in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 178: 5333-5334","journal-title":"Journal of Bacteriology"},{"key":"152417_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mortlock RP, Ed (1984) Microorganisms as Model Systems for Studying Evolution. Plenum Press, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4844-3"},{"key":"152417_CR21","volume-title":"Escherichia coliand Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neidhardt FC, Curtiss R, Ingraham JL, Lin ECC, Low KB, Magasanik B, Reznikoff WS, Riley M, Schaechter M & Umbarger HE, Eds (1996) Escherichia coliand Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 2nd Edition. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC","edition":"2nd Edition"},{"key":"152417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/309787a0","volume":"309","author":"TD Price","year":"1984","unstructured":"Price TD, Grant PR, Gibbs HL & Boag PT (1984) Recurrent patterns of natural selection in a population of Darwin's finches. Nature 309: 787-789","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"152417_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-19-3-592","volume":"19","author":"M Schaechter","year":"1958","unstructured":"Schaechter M, Maal\u00f8e O & Kjelgaard NO (1958) Dependence on medium and temperature of cell size and chemical composition during balanced growth of Salmonella typhimurium. Journal of General Microbiology 19: 592-606","journal-title":"Journal of General Microbiology"},{"key":"152417_CR24","volume-title":"Bacterial Genomes: Physical Structure and Analysis","author":"TM Schmidt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidt TM (1996) Multiplicity of ribosomal operons in prokaryotic genomes. In: de Bruijn FJ, Lupski JR & Weinstock G (Eds) Bacterial Genomes: Physical Structure and Analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York"},{"key":"152417_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/42701","volume":"387","author":"PD Sniegowski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sniegowski PD, Gerrish PJ & Lenski RE (1997) Evolution of high mutation rates in experimental populations of Escherichia coli. Nature 387: 703-705","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"152417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/42696","volume":"387","author":"F Taddei","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taddei F, Radman M, Maynard Smith J, Toupance B, Gouyon PH & Godelle B (1997) Role of mutator alleles in adaptive evolution. Nature 387: 700-702","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"152417_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/143.1.15","volume":"143","author":"M Travisano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Travisano M & Lenski RE (1996) Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. IV. Targets of selection and the specificity of adaptation. Genetics 143: 15-26","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"152417_CR28","first-page":"189","volume":"49","author":"M Travisano","year":"1995","unstructured":"Travisano M, Vasi F & Lenski RE (1995) Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. III. Variation among replicate populations in correlated responses to novel environments. Evolution 49: 189-200","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"152417_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1086\/285685","volume":"144","author":"F Vasi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vasi F, Travisano M & Lenski RE (1994) Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. II. Changes in life-history traits during adaptation to a seasonal environment. The American Naturalist 144: 432-456","journal-title":"The American Naturalist"}],"container-title":["Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1000675521611.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1000675521611\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1000675521611.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T14:12:33Z","timestamp":1747577553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1000675521611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}},"alternative-id":["152417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1000675521611","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6072","1572-9699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6072","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9699","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]}}}