{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:17:50Z","timestamp":1778627870601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1009251714573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,22]],"date-time":"2002-12-22T18:16:46Z","timestamp":1040581006000},"page":"269-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Use of Chlorella vulgaris as a carotenoid source for rainbow trout: effect of dietary lipid content on pigmentation, digestibility and retention in the muscle tissue"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Choubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Em\u00eddio","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Rema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Empis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"176997_CR1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"1975","unstructured":"AOAC (1975) Official Methods of Analysis, 12th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Washington, DC, 1094 pp.","edition":"12th edition"},{"key":"176997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(90)90184-O","volume":"91","author":"B. Bjerkeng","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bjerkeng, B., Storebakken, T. and Liaaen-Jensen, S. (1990) Dose response to carotenoids by rainbow trout in the sea: resorption and metabolism of dietary astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture\n91, 153\u2013162.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1126\/science.116.3023.634","volume":"116","author":"D. Bolin","year":"1952","unstructured":"Bolin, D., King, R. and Klosterman, W. (1952) A simplified method for the determination of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) when used as an inert substance. Science\n116, 634\u2013635.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"176997_CR4","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish","author":"C.Y. Cho","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cho, C.Y. and Cowey, C.B. (1991) Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In: Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (ed. R.P. Wilson) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 131\u2013144."},{"key":"176997_CR5","unstructured":"Choubert, G. (1977) Carot\u00e9n\u00f3ide Fix\u00e9s par la Truite Arc-en-ciel en Croissance. Th\u00e9se Docteur de 3e Cycle, Universit\u00e9 Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 61 pp."},{"key":"176997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(79)90026-7","volume":"18","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1979","unstructured":"Choubert, G. (1979) Tentative utilization of Spirulin algae as a source of carotenoid pigments for rainbow trout. Aquaculture\n18, 135\u2013143.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR7","first-page":"451","volume":"2","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Choubert, G. (1982) Method for colour assessment of canthaxanthin pigmented rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.). Science des Aliments\n2, 451\u2013463.","journal-title":"Science des Aliments"},{"key":"176997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(85)90107-3","volume":"46","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1985","unstructured":"Choubert, G. (1985) Effects of starvation and feeding on canthaxanthin depletion in the muscle of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Rich.). Aquaculture\n46, 293\u2013298.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(93)90447-7","volume":"112","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Choubert, G. and Heinrich, O. (1993) Carotenoid pigments of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: assay on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture\n112, 217\u2013226.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:19820101","volume":"31","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Choubert, G. and Luquet, P. (1982) Fixation et r\u00e9tention musculaire de la canthaxanthin par la truite arc-en-ciel. Annales de Zootechnie\n31, 1\u201310.","journal-title":"Annales de Zootechnie"},{"key":"176997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(83)90266-1","volume":"32","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1983","unstructured":"Choubert, G. and Luquet, P. (1983) Utilization of shrimp meal for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.) pigmentation. Influence of fat content of the diet. Aquaculture\n32, 19\u201326.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(89)90231-7","volume":"81","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1989","unstructured":"Choubert, G. and Storebakken, T. (1989) Dose response to astaxanthin and canthaxanthin pigmentation of rainbow trout fed various dietary carotenoid concentrations. Aquaculture\n81, 69\u201377.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(82)90048-5","volume":"29","author":"G. Choubert","year":"1982","unstructured":"Choubert, G., De la No\u00fce, J. and Luquet, P. (1982) Digestibility in fish: improved device for the automatic collection of feces. Aquaculture\n29, 185\u2013189.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2218","DOI":"10.1139\/f80-265","volume":"37","author":"J. De la No\u00fce","year":"1980","unstructured":"De la No\u00fce, J., Choubert, G., Pagniez, B., Blanc, J.M. and Luquet, P. (1980) Digestibilit\u00e9 chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Salmo gairdneri) lors de l\u00e1daptation \u00e0 un nouveau r\u00e9gime alimentaire. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences\n37, 2218\u20132224.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"176997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(87)90242-0","volume":"65","author":"P. Foss","year":"1984","unstructured":"Foss, P., Storebakken, T., Schiedt, K., Liaaen-Jensen, S., Austreng, E. and Streiff, K. (1984) Carotenoids in diets for salmonids. I. Pigmentation of rainbow trout with individual optical isomers of astaxanthin in comparison with canthaxanthin. Aquaculture\n65, 293\u2013306.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01229690","volume":"202","author":"L. Gouveia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gouveia, L., Gomes, E. and Empis, J. (1996a) Potential use of a microalga Chlorella vulgaris in the pigmentation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle. Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und-Forschung\n202, 75\u201379.","journal-title":"Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und-Forschung"},{"key":"176997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1300\/J028v07n02_07","volume":"7","author":"L. Gouveia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gouveia, L., Gomes, E. and Empis, J. (1996b) Use of Chlorella vulgaris in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, diets to enhance muscle pigmentation. Journal of Applied Aquaculture\n7, 61\u201370.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-8524(96)00058-2","volume":"57","author":"L. Gouveia","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gouveia, L., Veloso, V., Reis, A., Fernandes, H.L., Novais, J.M. and Empis, J.A. (1996c) Evolution of pigment composition in Chlorella vulgaris during carotenogenesis. Bioresource Technology\n57, 157\u2013163.","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"176997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(90)90070-4","volume":"87","author":"R. Hardy","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hardy, R., Torrissen, O. and Scott, T. (1990) Absorption and distribution of 14C-labelled canthaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture\n87, 331\u2013340.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3109\/07388559109040622","volume":"11","author":"E. Johnson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johnson, E. and Gil-Hwan, A. (1991) Astaxanthin from microbial sources. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology\n11, 297\u2013326.","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Biotechnology"},{"key":"176997_CR21","first-page":"253","volume":"14","author":"A. Matty","year":"1978","unstructured":"Matty, A. and Smith, P. (1978) Evaluation of a yeast, a bacterium and an alga as a protein source for rainbow trout. I. Effect of protein level on growth, gross conversion efficiency and protein conversion efficiency. Aquaculture\n14, 253\u2013246.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR22","volume-title":"Animal Nutrition","author":"L. Maynard","year":"1969","unstructured":"Maynard, L. and Loosli, J. (1969) Animal Nutrition, 6th edition. McGraw\u2013Hill: New York, 613 pp.","edition":"6th edition"},{"key":"176997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90237-F","volume":"101","author":"H. No","year":"1992","unstructured":"No, H. and Storebakken, T. (1992) Pigmentation of rainbow trout with astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in freshwater and saltwater. Aquaculture\n101, 123\u2013134.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1986.tb13936.x","volume":"51","author":"G. Skrede","year":"1987","unstructured":"Skrede, G. and Storebakken, T. (1987) Characteristics of colour in raw, baked and smoked wild and pen-reared Atlantic salmon. Journal of Food Science\n51, 804\u2013808.","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"176997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06763.x","volume":"55","author":"G. Skrede","year":"1990","unstructured":"Skrede, G., Risvik, E., Huber, M., Enersen, G. and Bl\u00fcmlein, L. (1990) Developing a color card for raw flesh of astaxanthin-fed salmon. Journal of Food Science\n55, 361\u2013363.","journal-title":"Journal of Food Science"},{"key":"176997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(91)90130-Y","volume":"94","author":"T.R. Sommer","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sommer, T.R., Potts, W.T. and Morrissy, N.M. (1991) Utilization of microalgal astaxanthin by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture\n94, 79\u201388.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90250-O","volume":"106","author":"T.R. Sommer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sommer, T.R., D'sousa, F. and Morrissy, N. (1992) Pigmentation of adult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, using the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. Aquaculture\n106, 63\u201374.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR28","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology","author":"J. Spinelli","year":"1979","unstructured":"Spinelli, J. (1979) Preparation of salmonid diets containing zooplankton and their effect on organoleptic properties of pen-reared salmonids. In: Finfish Nutrition and Fishfeed Technology, Vol. 2 (eds J. Halver and K. Tiews) H. Heenemann GmbH & Co., Berlin, pp. 383\u2013392."},{"key":"176997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(91)90094-N","volume":"95","author":"T. Storebakken","year":"1991","unstructured":"Storebakken, T. and Choubert, G. (1991) Flesh pigmentation of rainbow trout fed astaxanthin or canthaxanthin at different feeding rates in freshwater and saltwater. Aquaculture\n95, 289\u2013295.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90372-R","volume":"100","author":"T. Storebakken","year":"1992","unstructured":"Storebakken, T. and No, H. (1992) Pigmentation of rainbow trout. Aquaculture\n100, 209\u2013229.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(87)90241-9","volume":"65","author":"T. Storebakken","year":"1987","unstructured":"Storebakken, T., Foss, P., Schiedt, K., Austreng, E., Liaaen-Jensen, S. and Manz, U. (1987) Carotenoids in Diets for Salmonids IV. Pigmentation of Atlantic Salmon with Astaxanthin, Astaxanthin Dipalmitate and Canthaxanthin. Aquaculture\n65, 279\u2013292.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR32","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Fish Feeding and Nutrition","author":"A.G. Tacon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Tacon, A.G. and Jackson, A.J. (1985) Utilization of conventional and unconventional protein sources in practical fish feeds. A review. In: Fish Feeding and Nutrition (eds C.B. Cowey and J.G. Bell) Academic Press: London, pp. 119\u2013145."},{"key":"176997_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(85)90197-8","volume":"46","author":"O. Torrissen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Torrissen, O. (1985) Pigmentation of salmonids: factors affecting carotenoid deposition in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture\n46, 133\u2013142.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(86)90357-1","volume":"53","author":"O. Torrissen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Torrissen, O. (1986) Pigmentation of salmonids \u2013 a comparison of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin as pigment sources for rainbow trout. Aquaculture\n53, 271\u2013278.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(89)90478-X","volume":"79","author":"O. Torrissen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Torrissen, O. (1989) Pigmentation of salmonids: interactions of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin on pigment deposition in rainbow trout. Aquaculture\n79, 363\u2013374.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(92)90121-Z","volume":"108","author":"O. Torrissen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Torrissen, O. and Ingebrigtsen, K. (1992) Tissue distribution of 14C-astaxanthin in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture\n108, 351\u2013362.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0044-8486(90)90160-O","volume":"88","author":"O. Torrissen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Torrissen, O., Hardy, R.W., Shearer, K.D., Scott, T.M. and Stone, F.E. (1990) Effects of dietary canthaxanthin level and lipid level on apparent digestibility coefficients for canthaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture\n88, 351\u2013362.","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"176997_CR38","volume-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"J.H. Zar","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zar, J.H. (1984) Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice\u2013Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 619 pp."}],"container-title":["Aquaculture International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1009251714573.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1009251714573\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1009251714573.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,18]],"date-time":"2025-05-18T15:51:54Z","timestamp":1747583514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1009251714573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["176997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1009251714573","relation":{},"ISSN":["0967-6120","1573-143X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0967-6120","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-143X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}}}