{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:00:05Z","timestamp":1773788405238,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,1]],"date-time":"2002-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1020211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Insect Behavior"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"DOI":"10.1023\/a:1016213125161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,29]],"date-time":"2002-12-29T02:48:35Z","timestamp":1041130115000},"page":"331-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Role of Passive Defense (Selfish Herd and Dilution Effect) in the Gregarious Nesting of Liostenogaster Wasps (Vespidae, Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Coster-Longman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Turillazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"375912_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511721953.018","volume-title":"The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids","author":"H. J. Brockmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brockmann, H. J. (1997). Cooperative breeding in wasps and vertebrates: The role of ecological constraints. In Choe, J. C., and Crespi, B. J. (eds.), The Evolution of Social Behaviour in Insects and Arachnids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 347\u2013371."},{"key":"375912_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/03949370.1994.10721969","volume":"3","author":"C. Coster-Longman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Coster-Longman, C. (1994). Laboratory observations on the social behaviour ofParischnogaster alternata (Vespidae Stenogastrinae). Ethol. Ecol. Evol. (Special Issue) 3: 31\u201336.","journal-title":"Ethol. Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"375912_CR3","volume-title":"Ecological Factors in the Agglomeration and Evolution of Sociality in the Stenogastriae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)","author":"C. Coster-Longman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coster-Longman, C. (1998). Ecological Factors in the Agglomeration and Evolution of Sociality in the Stenogastriae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), Ph.D. thesis. University of Florence, Florence, Italy."},{"key":"375912_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-81028-2","volume-title":"The Ethology of Predation","author":"E. Curio","year":"1976","unstructured":"Curio, E. (1976). The Ethology of Predation, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York."},{"key":"375912_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0386","volume":"265","author":"J. Field","year":"1998","unstructured":"Field, J., Foster, W., Shreeves, G., and Sumner, S. (1998). Ecological constraints on independent nesting in facultatively eusocial hover wasps. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 265: 973\u2013977.","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond."},{"key":"375912_CR6","first-page":"149","volume-title":"The Social Biology of Wasps","author":"R. Gadagkar","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gadagkar, R. (1991). Belonogaster, Mischocyttarus, Parapolybia, and independent-founding Ropalidia. In Ross, K. G., and Matthews, R. (eds.), The Social Biology of Wasps, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp. 149\u2013190."},{"key":"375912_CR7","first-page":"353","volume":"23","author":"F. Galton","year":"1871","unstructured":"Galton, F. (1871). Gregariousness in cattle and men. Macmillan's Mag.\n23: 353\u2013357.","journal-title":"Macmillan's Mag."},{"key":"375912_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(71)90189-5","volume":"31","author":"W. D. Hamilton","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hamilton, W. D. (1971). Geometry for the selfish herd. J. Theor. Biol.\n31: 295\u2013311.","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"375912_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02224523","volume":"29","author":"M. Hansell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hansell, M. (1982a). Brood development in the subsocial wasp Parischnogaster mellyi (Saussure), (Stenogastrinae, Hymenoptera). Insectes Soc.\n29: 3\u201314.","journal-title":"Insectes Soc."},{"key":"375912_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-3472(82)80223-6","volume":"30","author":"M. Hansell","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hansell, M. (1982b). Colony membership in the waspParischnogaster striatula (Stenogastrinae). Anim. Behav.\n30: 1258\u20131259.","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"375912_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.2307\/1935532","volume":"49","author":"H. S. Horn","year":"1967","unstructured":"Horn, H. S. (1967). The adaptive significance of colonial nesting in the brewer's blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus). Ecology\n49: 682\u2013694.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"375912_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-5347(87)90093-0","volume":"2","author":"A. J. Inman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Inman, A. J., and Krebs, J. (1987). Predation and group living. Trends Ecol. Evol.\n2: 31\u201332.","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"375912_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02513250","volume":"30","author":"Y. Ito","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ito, Y., Yamane, S., and Spradbery, J. P. (1988). Population consequences of huge nesting aggregations of Ropalidia plebeiana (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Res. Popul. Ecol.\n30: 279\u2013295.","journal-title":"Res. Popul. Ecol."},{"key":"375912_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1086\/408564","volume":"50","author":"R. L. Jeanne","year":"1975","unstructured":"Jeanne, R. L. (1975). The adaptiveness of social wasp nest architecture. Q. Rev. Biol.\n50: 267\u2013287.","journal-title":"Q. Rev. Biol."},{"key":"375912_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.2307\/1936968","volume":"60","author":"R. L. Jeanne","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jeanne, R. L. (1979). A latitudinal gradient in rates of ant predation. Ecology\n60: 1211\u20131223.","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"375912_CR16","first-page":"232","volume-title":"The Social Biology of Wasps","author":"M. Matsuura","year":"1991","unstructured":"Matsuura, M. (1991). Vespa and Provespa. In Ross, K. G., and Matthews, R. (eds.), The Social Biology of Wasps, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp. 232\u2013261."},{"key":"375912_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1163\/156853992X00011","volume":"123","author":"M. S. Mooring","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mooring, M. S., and Hart, B. L. (1992). Animal grouping for protection from parasites, selfish herd and encounter-dilution effects. Behaviour\n123: 173\u2013192.","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"375912_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00168449","volume":"27","author":"L. S. Rayor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rayor, L. S., and Uetz, G. W. (1990). Trade offs in foraging success and predation risk with spatial position in colonial spiders. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.\n27: 77\u201385.","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol."},{"key":"375912_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00649499","volume":"95","author":"L. S. Rayor","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rayor, L. S., and Uetz, G. W. (1993). Ontogenetic shifts within the selfish herd: Predation risk and foragin trade-offs change with age in colonial web-building spiders. Oecologia\n95: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Oecologia"},{"key":"375912_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1093\/auk\/102.3.506","volume":"102","author":"S. K. Robinson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Robinson, S. K. (1985). Coloniality in the yellow-rumped cacique as a defense against nest predators. Auk\n102: 506\u2013519.","journal-title":"Auk"},{"key":"375912_CR21","unstructured":"Sakagami, S. F., and Yamane, S. (1983). Behavior inventory of Parischnogaster mellyi. In Ecological Study on Social Insects in Central Sumatra with Special Reference to Wasps and Bees\u2014Sumatra Nature Study (Entomology), Kanazawa University, pp. 12\u201318."},{"key":"375912_CR22","volume-title":"Factors Affecting Colony Size in the Stenogastrine Wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata","author":"C. T. Samuel","year":"1987","unstructured":"Samuel, C. T. (1987). Factors Affecting Colony Size in the Stenogastrine Wasp Liostenogaster flavolineata, Ph.D. thesis, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur."},{"key":"375912_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-3472(75)90106-2","volume":"23","author":"M. Treisman","year":"1975","unstructured":"Treisman, M. (1975). Predation and the evolution of gregariousness. I. Models for concealment and evasion. Anim. Behav.\n23: 779\u2013800.","journal-title":"Anim. Behav."},{"key":"375912_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/03946975.1988.10539414","volume":"1","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S. (1988). Adults and nest of Liostenogaster vechti n. sp. (Hymenoptera Stenogastrinae). Trop. Zool.\n1: 193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Trop. Zool."},{"key":"375912_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/11250009009355716","volume":"57","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S. (1990a). Notes on the biology, social behavior and nest architecture of Metischnogaster drewseni (Saussute) (Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae). Boll. Zool.\n57: 331\u2013339.","journal-title":"Boll. Zool."},{"key":"375912_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/03946975.1990.10539449","volume":"3","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S. (1990b). Social biology of Liostenogaster vechti Turillazzi, (Hymenoptera, Stenogastrinae). Trop. Zool.\n3: 68\u201387.","journal-title":"Trop. Zool."},{"key":"375912_CR27","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The Social Biology of Wasps","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S. (1991). The Stenogastrinae. In Ross, K. G., and Matthews, R.W. (eds.), The Social Biology of Wasps, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, pp. 99\u2013148. 350 Coster-Longman, Landi, and Turillazzi"},{"key":"375912_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1080\/03946975.1999.10539399","volume":"12","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S. (1999). New species of Liostenogaster van der Vecht 1969, with keys to adults and nests (Hymenoptera Vespidae Stenogastrinae). Trop. Zool.\n12: 335\u2013358.","journal-title":"Trop. Zool."},{"key":"375912_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/75.6.657","volume":"75","author":"S. Turillazzi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Turillazzi, S., and Pardi, L. (1982). Social behavior of Parischnogaster nigricans serrei (DuBuysson) (Hymenoptera Stenogastrinae) in Java. Ann. Entomol. Soc.Am.\n75: 657\u2013664.","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc.Am."},{"key":"375912_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1086\/284556","volume":"128","author":"G. F. Turner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Turner, G. F., and Pitcher, T. J. (1986). Attack abatement: A model for group protection by combined avoidance and dilution. Am. Nat.\n128: 225\u2013240.","journal-title":"Am. Nat."},{"key":"375912_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00299384","volume":"15","author":"W. T. Wcislo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wcislo, W. T. (1984). Gregarious nesting of a digger wasp as a \u201cselfish herd\u201d response to a parasitic fly (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae; Diptera: Sacrophagidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 15: 157\u2013160.","journal-title":"Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol"},{"key":"375912_CR32","first-page":"19","volume":"14","author":"F. X. Williams","year":"1919","unstructured":"Williams, F. X. (1919). Philippine wasp studies. II. Descriptions of new species and life history studies. Bull. Exp. Stat. Hawaii Sugar Planters' Assoc. (Entomol.)14: 19\u2013186.","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Stat."},{"key":"375912_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"F. X. Williams","year":"1928","unstructured":"Williams, F. X. (1928). Studies in tropical wasps\u2014Their hosts and associates (with descriptions of new species). Bull. Exp. Sta. Hawaii Sugar Planters' Assoc. (Entomol.)19: 1\u2013179.","journal-title":"Bull. Exp. Sta."},{"key":"375912_CR34","unstructured":"Yamane, S., Sakagami, S. F., Ohgushi, R., Abbas, N. D., and Matsuura, M. (1983). Life history and social organization in Parischnogaster mellyi. In Ecological Study on Social Insects in Central Sumatra with Special Reference to Wasps and Bees\u2014Sumatra Nature Study (Entomology), Kanazawa University, pp. 18\u201324."},{"key":"375912_CR35","first-page":"153","volume":"6","author":"K. Yoshikawa","year":"1969","unstructured":"Yoshikawa, K., Ohgushi, R., and Sakagami, F.F. (1969). Preliminary report on entomology of the Osaka City University 5th Scientific Expedition to Southeast Asia 1966.With descriptions of two new genera of stenogastrine [sic] wasps by J. Van der Vecht. Nature Life Southeast Asia\n6: 153\u2013182.","journal-title":"Nature Life Southeast Asia"},{"key":"375912_CR36","volume-title":"Biostatistical Analysis","author":"H. J. Zar","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zar, H. J. (1984). Biostatistical Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ."}],"container-title":["Journal of Insect Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1016213125161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1023\/A:1016213125161\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1023\/A:1016213125161.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T12:24:41Z","timestamp":1751372681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1023\/A:1016213125161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}},"alternative-id":["375912"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1016213125161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0892-7553","1572-8889"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0892-7553","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8889","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,5]]}}}