{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:27:08Z","timestamp":1761895628993},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and triglycerides (TG) are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). While multivitamins (MVit) may reduce HCY and hsCRP, omega-3 fatty acids (N3) reduce TG; yet, they are seldom studied simultaneously. We randomly assigned 100 participants with baseline HCY (&gt; 8.0 umol\/L) to the daily ingestion of: (1) placebo, (2) MVit (VitC: 200 mg; VitE: 400 IU; VitB6: 25 mg; Folic Acid: 400 ug; VitB12: 400 ug) + placebo, (3) N3 (2 g N3, 760 mg EPA, 440 mg DHA)+placebo, or (4) MVit + N3 for 12 weeks. At follow-up, we observed significant reductions in HCY (umol\/L) for the MVit (- 1.43, 95 %CI, - 2.39, - 0.47) and MVit + N3 groups (- 1.01, 95 %CI, - 1.98, - 0.04) groups, both being significant (p &lt; 0.05) vs. placebo (- 0.57, 95 %CI, - 1.49, 0.35) and N3 (1.11, 95 % CI, 0.07, 2.17). hsCRP (nmol\/L) was significantly reduced in the MVit (- 6.00, 95 %CI, - 1.04, - 0.15) and MVit + N3 (- 0.98, 95 %CI, - 1.51, - 0.46) groups, but not vs. placebo (- 0.15, 95 %CI, - 0.74, 0.43) or N3 (- 0.53, 95 %CI, - 1.18, 0.12). Lastly, we observed significant reductions in TG for the N3 (- 0.41, 95 %CI, - 0.69, - 0.13) and MVit + N3 (- 0.71, 95 %CI, - 0.93, - 0.46) groups, both significant vs. placebo (- 0.10, 95 %CI, - 0.36, 0.17) and MVit groups (0.15, 95 %CI, - 12, 0.42). The co-ingestion of MVit + N3 provides synergistic affects on HCY, hsCRP, and plasma TG. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,2]],"date-time":"2013-02-02T02:22:59Z","timestamp":1359771779000},"page":"41-52","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Complementary Effects of Multivitamin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Indices of Cardiovascular Health in Individuals with Elevated Homocysteine"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Earnest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health, Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Kupper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Tech University, School of Law, Lubbock, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Biology Lab, HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Preventive Medicine and Exercise Biology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000093","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T02:10:09Z","timestamp":1723169409000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/IJVNR\/82\/1\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000093"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000093"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9831","1664-2821"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-9831"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2821"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]}}}