{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,10]],"date-time":"2024-08-10T00:04:34Z","timestamp":1723248274257},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"5-6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract. Objective: Grape seed proanthocyanidins have many health-protective effects. The present work aimed to assess their possible anxiolytic effects in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Methods: 30 Male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10): control (normal chow), high cholesterol (cholesterol and cholic acid chow) and high cholesterol + grape seed extract (hypercholesterolemic chow + grape seed extract, 100 mg\/kg body weight\/day). After 4 months, total cholesterol levels and animals\u2019 behavior in the open field and elevated plus maze were assessed. Results: High-cholesterol diet elevated cholesterol levels (p &lt; 0.001 vs control group), however, grape seed administration ameliorated this elevation (p &lt; 0.001 vs high-cholesterol untreated group). In the open field, hypercholesterolemic rats showed increased periods of immobility (138 \u00b1 20.3 seconds (s) vs 96.9 \u00b1 14.5 in control rats p &lt; 0.001) and time latency to enter field center (109 \u00b1 18.3 s compared to 40.8 \u00b1 10.5 s in the control group p &lt; 0.001). Both parameters were reduced by grape seed treatment (p &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.001 vs the untreated hypercholesterolemic group, respectively). Elevated plus maze testing demonstrated higher closed-arm entries (5.5 \u00b1 1.1 in hypercholesterolemic animals vs 3 \u00b1 1.1 in the control group p &lt; 0.001) and lower percentage of time spent in open arms (19.7 \u00b1 3.5 % vs 35.8 \u00b1 4.8 % in control rats p &lt; 0.001). Grape seed extract significantly enhanced the percentage of time spent in open arms (p &lt; 0.001 compared to hypercholesterolemic rats). Conclusion: The present results highlight the possible anxiolytic effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins in dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T14:11:18Z","timestamp":1468505478000},"page":"282-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Attenuate Anxiety-Like Behavior in an Experimental Model of Dietary-Induced Hypercholesterolemia in Rats"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Zienab","family":"Alrefaie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,and Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000286","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T02:08:51Z","timestamp":1723169331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/IJVNR\/85\/5-6\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000286","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9831","1664-2821"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-9831"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1664-2821"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}