{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:47:49Z","timestamp":1792626469237,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract. Folate and vitamin B12(V-B12) deficiencies are associated with metabolic diseases that may impair memory function. We hypothesized that folate and V-B12 may differently alter mild cognitive impairment, glucose metabolism, and inflammation by modulating the gut microbiome in rats with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD)-like dementia. The hypothesis was examined in hippocampal amyloid-\u03b2 infused rats, and its mechanism was explored. Rats that received an amyloid-\u03b2(25\u201335) infusion into the CA1 region of the hippocampus were fed either control(2.5\u00a0mg folate plus 25\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0V-B12\/kg diet; AD-CON, n\u00a0=\u00a010), no folate(0 folate plus 25\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0V-B12\/kg diet; AD-FA, n\u00a0=\u00a010), no V-B12(2.5\u00a0mg folate plus 0\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0V-B12\/kg diet; AD-V-B12, n\u00a0=\u00a010), or no folate plus no V-B12(0\u00a0mg folate plus 0\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0V-B12\/kg diet; AD-FAB12, n\u00a0=\u00a010) in high-fat diets for 8 weeks. AD-FA and AD-VB12 exacerbated bone mineral loss in the lumbar spine and femur whereas AD-FA lowered lean body mass in the hip compared to AD-CON(P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). Only AD-FAB12 exacerbated memory impairment by 1.3 and 1.4 folds, respectively, as measured by passive avoidance and water maze tests, compared to AD-CON(P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Hippocampal insulin signaling and neuroinflammation were attenuated in AD-CON compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-FAB12 impaired the signaling (pAkt\u2192pGSK-3\u03b2) and serum TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 levels the most among all groups. AD-CON decreased glucose tolerance by increasing insulin resistance compared to Non-AD-CON. AD-VB12 and AD-FAB12 increased insulin resistance by 1.2 and 1.3 folds, respectively, compared to the AD-CON. AD-CON and Non-AD-CON had a separate communities of gut microbiota. The relative counts of Bacteroidia were lower and those of Clostridia were higher in AD-CON than Non-AD-CON. AD-FA, but not V-B12, separated the gut microbiome community compared to AD-CON and AD-VB12(P\u00a0=\u00a00.009). In conclusion, folate and B-12 deficiencies impaired memory function by impairing hippocampal insulin signaling and gut microbiota in AD rats. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T14:22:00Z","timestamp":1576506120000},"page":"169-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies additively impaire memory function and disturb the gut microbiota in amyloid-\u03b2 infused rats"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6092-8340","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sunmin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Obesity\/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunna","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Food and Nutrition, 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