{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:12:40Z","timestamp":1755839560906,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"3-4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract: The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-\u03b1-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been associated with higher urinary 2:16 in some studies. We investigated whether a whole-food supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale would increase urinary 2:16 in comparison with placebo or cruciferous vegetables in women. This randomized, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38\u201350 y) with screening urinary 2:16 \u22643.0. Subjects received either six capsules containing 550 mg dried Brussels sprouts and kale per capsule, 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts, or placebo for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 and creatinine were measured at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Intent-to-treat repeated measures-ANOVA with multiple imputation ( n=100) for missing values identified no treatment effect ( P=0.9) or treatment-by-time interaction ( P=0.6); however, a significant time effect was noted ( P=0.02). Per-protocol analyses including complete cases found no treatment effect ( P=1) or treatment-by-time interaction ( P=0.6); however, the significant time effect remained ( P=0.03). Restricting analysis to subjects with &gt;80% compliance maintained the time effect ( P=0.02). Using Pearson correlations, android-pattern and android:gynoid fat were predictive of change ( P\u22640.05). In conclusion, neither cruciferous supplements nor an added vegetable serving altered urinary 2:16 in premenopausal women with eight weeks treatment. This ratio did vary with time, which is important for designing future trials. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831\/a000785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T15:26:23Z","timestamp":1687188383000},"page":"177-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Urinary 2- to 16\u03b1-hydroxyestrone ratio did not change with cruciferous vegetable intake in premenopausal women"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Arscott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Standard Process Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shellen","family":"Goltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cassidy","family":"Muir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Binkley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7022-1760","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sherry A.","family":"Tanumihardjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"16242","reference":[{"key":"c1","first-page":"733","volume":"5","author":"Verhoeven DTH","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515000148"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Traka MH. 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