{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:10:04Z","timestamp":1788570604243,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"IMR Press","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Human serum retinol and livestock milk retinol levels were assessed as part of a study on the health status of Chadian nomadic pastoralists and their livestock in close partnership between Chadian public health and livestock institutions. Of the examined women (n = 99), 43% were moderately retinol-deficient (0.35 mol\/L &lt; \u00d7 &lt; 0.7 mol\/L 95% CI; 33\u201354%), and 17% severely retinol-deficient (&lt; 0.35 mol\/L 95% CI; 10\u201326 %). None of the interviewed women (n = 87) reported the consumption of fruit, and only two of fresh vegetables were reported consumed in the past 24 hours. Milk is the almost exclusive source of vitamin A for these populations. Goats (n = 6) had the highest average milk retinol level (329 \u00b1 84 mug\/kg [mean \u00b1 SEM]), followed by cattle (n = 25; 247 \u00b1 32 mug\/kg), and camels (n = 12; 120 \u00b1 18 mug\/kg). Milk retinol levels did not differ between the rainy and dry seasons. Human serum retinol depends significantly on livestock milk retinol levels (partial slope 0.23; 95% CI: 0.008\u20130.47). Our study supports the use of goat and cow milk as an important source of vitamin A in pastoral nomadic settings. However, the levels still require to be complemented further by promoting green leafy vegetables, fruits, and supplements. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.72.4.221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,31]],"date-time":"2006-01-31T12:28:22Z","timestamp":1138710502000},"page":"221-228","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Serum Retinol of Chadian Nomadic Pastoralist Women in Relation to their Livestocks\u2019 Milk Retinol and beta-Carotene Content"],"prefix":"10.31083","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jakob","family":"Zinsstag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, P. O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Schelling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, P. O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saada","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique, N\u2019Djam\u00e9na, Tcha"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Schierle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Vitamins Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Vitamins Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette","family":"Diguimbaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires et Zootechniques, Bo\u00eete Postale, N\u2019Djam\u00e9na, Tchad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doumagoum Moto","family":"Daugla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Support en Sant\u00e9 Internationale, Bo\u00eete Postale, N\u2019Djam\u00e9na, Tchad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guelmbaye","family":"Ndoutamia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires et Zootechniques, Bo\u00eete Postale, N\u2019Djam\u00e9na, Tchad"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Knopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Veterinary Parasitology, University of Z\u00fcrich, Winterthurerstr. 266b, 8057 Z\u00fcrich"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Vounatsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, P. O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical Institute, P. O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"16242","container-title":["International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1024\/0300-9831.72.4.221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T02:14:02Z","timestamp":1723169642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.imrpress.com\/journal\/IJVNR\/72\/4\/10.1024\/0300-9831.72.4.221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1024\/0300-9831.72.4.221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0300-9831.72.4.221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9831","1664-2821"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9831","type":"print"},{"value":"1664-2821","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}}}