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The relative risk increase associated with sex hormones, depends on the type and dosage of hormones, the route of application (oral, vaginal, transdermal), and for COC, on the specific combination of oestrogen and gestagen components. Consequently, a careful decision for or against any specific type of hormone treatment needs to be based on an assessment of the patient\u2019s risk profile (disposition) as well as on the treatment-associated risks and benefits (exposition). This review discusses the most common sex hormone treatments in contraception and HRT, the relevance for VTE risk patients, and strategies to counsel patients with regard to hormone use according to their risk profiles.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Keywords: Oral contraceptives, hormonal contraception, hormone replacement therapy, venous thromboembolism<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T08:33:44Z","timestamp":1531730024000},"page":"441-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Sex hormones and venous thromboembolism \u2013 from contraception to hormone replacement therapy"],"prefix":"10.1024","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Beyer-Westendorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine I, Division Hematology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Kings Thrombosis Service, Department of Hematology, Kings College London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Bauersachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vascular Medicine, Klinikum Darmstadt GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola","family":"Hach-Wunderle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venenzentrum Frankfurt am Main Main, Frankfurt am Main Main; Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer B.","family":"Zotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Blood Coagulation and Transfusion Medicine (LBT), D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Haemostasis, Haemotherapy and Transfusion Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Medical Centre, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannelore","family":"Rott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coagulation Center Rhine-Ruhr, Duisburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"101","reference":[{"key":"c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.12.018"},{"key":"c2","author":"Brechin S","journal-title":"40"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2011.08956.x"},{"key":"c4","unstructured":"Nelson-Piercy C, MacCallum P & Mackillop L. 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