{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T07:03:39Z","timestamp":1784531019508,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pflege"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"Abstract: Background: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many countries restricted visits to nursing homes to reduce infections among residents and staff. This also affected the residents\u2019 relatives, as personal contact was no longer possible. Aim: As part of a research network, we investigated the experiences, challenges, strategies, and consequences of visiting restrictions in nursing homes during the early phase of the pandemic from the perspective of relatives and stakeholders advocating residents\u2019 interests. Methods: We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured telephone interviews with relatives and stakeholders across federal states in Germany and applied a thematic framework analysis. Results: Ten relatives and six stakeholders from four federal states participated. We identified four themes: continuous adaptation to varying information and visit management, compensatory communication and contact offers, experiences with and overcoming emotional burden, maintaining the role as a family carer and taking responsibility at distance. Conclusions: The restrictions in the early phase of the pandemic had a strong impact on relatives of nursing home residents. The heterogeneous implementation of visiting restrictions led to emotional stress, increased burden, and feelings of exclusion for relatives. The role and significance of relatives of nursing home residents should be addressed in future pandemic plans for nursing homes. More emphasis should be placed on involving relatives of nursing home residents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/1012-5302\/a001074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T08:18:51Z","timestamp":1773303531000},"page":"193-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Relatives\u2019 and stakeholders\u2019 perspectives on pandemic-related visiting restrictions for German nursing homes: a framework analysis"],"prefix":"10.1024","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-2037","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia","family":"Dinand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten\/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Freytag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute, University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6881-2721","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna","family":"Dammermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Section for Research and Teaching in Nursing, University of L\u00fcbeck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9506-2532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anja","family":"Bieber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1345-2500","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Steffen","family":"Fleischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-6058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Swantje","family":"Seismann-Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5575-442X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Applied Health and Social Sciences, Rosenheim Technical University of Applied Sciences, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Health Services Research, Nursing Science, and Interprofessional Care, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Halek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health, Witten\/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8637-7818","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ralph","family":"M\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"HEICO study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"101","reference":[{"key":"c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02530-1"},{"key":"c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/1012-5302\/a000634"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-021-01859-x"},{"key":"c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-022-02034-6"},{"key":"c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.07.001"},{"key":"c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0714980822000496"},{"key":"c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01239"},{"key":"c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10547738221121028"},{"key":"c9","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Pflegewissenschaft eV (DGP) (Hrsg). (2020).\n S1-Leitlinie \u2013 Soziale Teilhabe und Lebensqualit\u00e4t in der station\u00e4ren Altenhilfe unter den Bedingungen der COVID-19-Pandemie\n . Langfassung vom 08.10.2020. AWMF. https:\/\/dg-pflegewissenschaft.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/184-001l_S1_Soz_Teilhabe_Lebensqualitaet_stat_Altenhilfe_Covid-19_2020-08.pdf"},{"key":"c10","unstructured":"Dresing,\n T. & Pehl,\n T. (2018). Praxisbuch Interview, Transkription & Analyse.\n Anleitungen und Regelsysteme f\u00fcr qualitativ Forschende\n . Band 8. Eigenverlag. https:\/\/www.audiotranskription.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Praxisbuch_08_01_web.pdf"},{"key":"c11","unstructured":"Elsbernd,\n A. & Heidecker,\n L. (2021).\n Studie zur aktuellen Lage in Einrichtungen der station\u00e4ren und ambulanten Langzeitpflege in Baden-W\u00fcrtemberg (LACOVID-BA-W\u00dc2020)\n . https:\/\/www.baden-wuerttemberg.de\/fileadmin\/redaktion\/m-sm\/intern\/downloads\/Downloads_Gesundheitsschutz\/Lacovid_Abschlussbericht_Elsbernd_29-07-2021.pdf"},{"key":"c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03364-1"},{"key":"c13","volume-title":"An introduction to qualitative research","author":"Flick U.","year":"2014"},{"key":"c14","unstructured":"Fringer,\n A. & Schrems,\n B. (2018). Qualitative Designs. In H. Brandenburg, E.M. Panfil, B. Schrems, & H. Mayer (Hrsg.),\n Pflegewissenschaft 2. Lehr-und Arbeitsbuch zur Einf\u00fchrung in die Methoden der Pflegeforschung\n (S. 73\u201392). Hogrefe."},{"key":"c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13651"},{"key":"c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.09.006"},{"key":"c17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Helfferich,\n C. (2011). Interviewplanung und Intervieworganisation. In C. Helfferich ,\n Die Qualit\u00e4t qualitativer Daten: Manual f\u00fcr die Durchf\u00fchrung qualitativer Interviews\n (S. 167\u2013193). 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(2022).\n Guidance on COVID-19 for the care of older people and people living in long-term care facilities, other non-acute care facilities and home care.\n https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/331913\/COVID-19-emergency-guidance-ageing-eng.pdf?sequence=8"}],"container-title":["Pflege"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1024\/1012-5302\/a001074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T06:22:27Z","timestamp":1784528547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/10.1024\/1012-5302\/a001074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1024\/1012-5302\/a001074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/1012-5302\/a001074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1012-5302","1664-283X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1012-5302","type":"print"},{"value":"1664-283X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}}}