{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T18:06:35Z","timestamp":1787681195337,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract: Objective: In 2018, Herwig Czech (2018 , 2020 ) and Edith Sheffer (2018 ) accused Hans Asperger of complicity in the Nazi child euthanasia program also because of his participation in the Gugging Commission. Method: We reviewed all documents related to the Commission to clarify Asperger\u2019s role. Results: The Commission consisted of officials from Vienna and Lower Danube and had the primary task of determining which children admitted to Gugging could attend an auxiliary school. As part of the investigations, a group of children was also diagnosed as incapable of learning and developing normally based on a list prepared by Gugging\u2019s Director. According to two documents prepared for the Commission, these children were to be assigned to the \u201cAktion Jekelius\u201d. The two authors imply that \u201cAktion Jekelius\u201d was a cover term for the murder of these children and was known as such. However, this designation was communicated only within the Reich Governor\u2019s Office in Lower Danube. Conclusion: According to the available documents, there is no indication that Hans Asperger, as a member of the Vienna delegation, knew about \u201cAktion Jekelius\u201d and its hidden murderous intentions. He therefore had no reason to refuse to participate in the Commission. Analysis of the subsequent transfers of children to Spiegelgrund showed no direct connection with the Commission\u2019s activities. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a001001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T14:40:13Z","timestamp":1731508813000},"page":"126-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Was Hans Asperger Complicit in the Nazi Child Euthanasia by                     Participating in the Gugging Commission?"],"prefix":"10.1024","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0988-2655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ernst","family":"Tatzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Head of the N\u00d6                     Heilp\u00e4dagogisches Zentrum Hinterbr\u00fchl, Karl Landsteiner Gesellschaft,                     Institut f\u00fcr Psychosoziale, Medizin, Psychotherapie und Kindheitsforschung,                     Hinterbr\u00fchl, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Maleczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Professor em., Institut                     f\u00fcr \u00f6sterreichische Geschichtsforschung, University of Vienna,                         Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"101","reference":[{"key":"c1","volume-title":"Amtskalender f\u00fcr den Reichsgau Niederdonau, 1. Jahrgang","author":"Anonymous","year":"1942"},{"key":"c2","unstructured":"Anonymous.                         (2024). Wien Geschichte WIKI                     [Vienna History WIKI]. Beh\u00f6rde des                         Reichsstatthalter. Retrieved 17 March 2024, from https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Beh%C3%B6rde_des_Reichsstatthalters"},{"key":"c3","unstructured":"Burlon,\n                                M.                         (2009). Die \u201eEuthanasie\u201d an                             Kindern w\u00e4hrend des Nationalsozialismus in den zwei Hamburger                             Kinderfachabteilungen [The \u201ceuthanasia\u201d                     of children during National Socialism in the two specialized children\u2018s                     wards in Hamburg]. (Doctoral dissertation, Medical Faculty of                         the University of Hamburg. Retrieved 17 March 2024 from                         http:\/\/ediss.sub.uni-hamburg.de\/volltex\u200bte\/2010\/4578\/pdf\/Kindereuthanasie_Hamburg.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"c4","first-page":"S194","volume":"25","author":"Czech H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"\u00d6sterreichische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Geschichtswissenschaften"},{"key":"c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-018-0208-6"},{"key":"c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-020-00947-3"},{"key":"c7","unstructured":"Danbauer,\n                                A.                         (2012). Die Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Gugging                             w\u00e4hrend der NS-Zeit [The Gugging sanatorium and                     nursing home during the Nazi era]. (Diploma dissertation,                         University of Vienna). Retrieved 17 March 2024 from                         http:\/\/othes.univie.ac.at\/17933\/1\/\u200b2012-01-20_9503724.pdf"},{"key":"c8","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Euthanasie in Wien","author":"Dahl M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"c9","unstructured":"Dahl,\n                            M.                         (2004). Endstation Spiegelgrund: Die                             T\u00f6tung behinderter Kinder w\u00e4hrend des Nationalsozialismus am                             Beispiel der Kinderfachabteilung in Wien: 1940 bis                         1945 [Spiegelgrund terminus: The killing of disabled                     children during National Socialism using the example of the specialized                     children\u2018s ward in Vienna: 1940 to                         1945]. (pp.                         34\u201335,                         137\u2013141).                         Erasmus. Retrieved 17 March 2024 from                         http:\/\/gedenkstaettesteinhof.at\/sites\/defa\u200bult\/files\/Volltextarchiv\/Die-Toetung-behinderter-Kinder.pdf"},{"key":"c10","unstructured":"D\u00d6W \u2013 WN 51401                     \u2013 Verh\u00f6rprotokoll Erwin Jekelius [WN 51401 \u2013 Interrogation                     protocol Erwin Jekelius]. 9 July 1948."},{"key":"c11","unstructured":"D\u00d6W \u2013 WN                     19542\/1\u2013 Vernehmungsprotokoll der Beschuldigten Anna Katschenka vom                     [WN 19542\/1- Interrogation protocol of the accused Anna Katschenka]. 24                     July 1948."},{"key":"c12","unstructured":"Ertl, K.\n                                A. (2012).                             NS-Euthanasie in Wien. Erwin Jekelius: der Direktor vom \u201eSpiegelgrund\u201c                             und seine Beteiligung am NS-Vernichtungsprogramm [Nazi                     euthanasia in Vienna. Erwin Jekelius: the director of                     \u201cSpiegelgrund\u201d and his involvement in the Nazi extermination                     program] (Diploma dissertation, University of                         Vienna."},{"key":"c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-020-00952-6"},{"key":"c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03981-7"},{"key":"c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526770.001"},{"key":"c16","first-page":"199","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f6ger H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schriftenreihe der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Nervenheilkunde"},{"key":"c17","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Auf den Spuren Hans Aspergers fokus Asperger-Syndrom: Gestern, heute, morgen","author":"Gr\u00f6ger H.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"c18","volume":"168","author":"Lechner C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde"},{"key":"c19","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Verfolgte Kindheit: Kinder und Jugendliche als Opfer der NS-Sozialverwaltung","author":"Malina P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"c20","volume-title":"Die Klinik \u201eAm Spiegelgrund\u201c 1940\u20131945 \u2013 eine Kinderfachabteilung im Rahmen der NS-\u201eEuthanasie\u201c","author":"Neugebauer W.","year":"1996","edition":"52"},{"key":"c21","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 1                     (Nieder\u00f6sterreichisches Landesarchiv \u2013 Lower Austria Provincial                     Archive) IIIb-3-305\/51 1941 D.Z. 4\/161-1941: Report of the request by                     Jekelius."},{"key":"c22","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 2: Annex to II b                     3 -305\/51: request by Jekelius."},{"key":"c23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 3: III                     b-3-305-15-1941 GZ.: III b-3-305-15-1941: Answer from Subsection III b on                     requested transferals of children to Spiegelgrund, no                     signature.","DOI":"10.1080\/02561751.1941.9676144"},{"key":"c24","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 4: III b                     \u2013 3 \u2013 305\/53 1941: Invitation to a first                     meeting."},{"key":"c25","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 5: Back of                     N\u00d6LA 1 handwritten note by Dr. Fritz after the first meeting mentioning the                     Aktion Jekelius."},{"key":"c26","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 6: III b                     \u2013 3-305\/54 1941: Procedure for school liberation."},{"key":"c27","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 7: III b                     -3-305\/59 1941: note of file by Dr. Kampas."},{"key":"c28","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 8: No deposit                     number: facts of the case by Dr. Axmann."},{"key":"c29","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 9: III                     b-3-305\/61 1941: Number of children admitted to Gugging."},{"key":"c30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 10: III                     b-3-305\/3 1942: Organization.","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1723726"},{"key":"c31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 11: III                     b-3-305\/4 1942: Organization.","DOI":"10.3138\/utq.11.3.298"},{"key":"c32","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 12: Reich\u00b4s                     Governor\u2019s Vienna \u2013 Abt IIa-S-10393\/41: Proposed date and                     nomination of the Vienna members of the Commission."},{"key":"c33","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 13: Handwritten                     draft with reference III b-3-305\/4-1942: Invitation to departure and                     postponement to 16.2."},{"key":"c34","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 14:                     Gesch\u00e4ftszahl: IIIb-3-305\/5-1942 note to file concerning the result of                     the Commission."},{"key":"c35","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 15: III                     b-3-305\/7 1942: Report by the Commission."},{"key":"c36","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 16: Reference                     number: in relation to IIIb-3- 305\/7-1942: Letter to Gugging, instruction                     for further proceedings."},{"key":"c37","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 22:                     IIIb-3-303\/11-1942: Governor\u2019s Office in Lower Danube: File note                     with draft letter to the Directorate of Gugging."},{"key":"c38","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 23: Abt IIIb-3:                     letter of the Directorate of Gugging to the Governor\u2019s Office in Lower                     Danube."},{"key":"c39","unstructured":"N\u00d6LA 24. IIIb-3-303-7                     DuABl-Nr. 510: Registration of children with severe congenital conditions and                     their care of 4 December 1942."},{"key":"c40","first-page":"58","volume":"4","author":"Radl H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Heilp\u00e4dagogik"},{"key":"c41","first-page":"106","volume":"51","author":"Schepker K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"},{"key":"c42","first-page":"460","volume":"47","author":"Schirmer B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Die Neue Sonderschule"},{"key":"c43","volume-title":"Asperger\u2019s Children: The origins of autism in Nazi Vienna","author":"Sheffer E.","year":"2018"},{"key":"c44","volume-title":"NeuroTribes. The legacy of autism and the future of neurodiversity","author":"Silberman S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"c45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00112-020-00950-8","volume":"168","author":"Tatzer E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Monatsschrift f\u00fcr Kinderheilkunde"},{"key":"c46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16571"},{"key":"c47","unstructured":"WStLA 1: Dep. VI                     \/4-M-9065\/40: Application of the municipal administration of the                     Reichsgau Vienna, Main Health and Social Welfare Office, to the general                     representative of the Reich Governor in the municipal administration of the                     Reichsgau Vienna Regierungspr\u00e4sident Jung. WStLA, M.Abt.                     209.10"}],"container-title":["Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1024\/1422-4917\/a001001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T12:18:55Z","timestamp":1746793135000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/10.1024\/1422-4917\/a001001"}},"subtitle":["An Assessment"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1024\/1422-4917\/a001001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/1422-4917\/a001001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-4917","1664-2880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-4917","type":"print"},{"value":"1664-2880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}}}