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Ziel dieses \u00dcbersichtsartikels ist es, M\u00f6glichkeiten und Grenzen pr\u00e4zisionspsychiatrischer Ans\u00e4tze im Kindes- und Jugendalter darzustellen und zu diskutieren. Es werden theoretische Grundlagen wie die Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), die Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) und die Psychopathologische Entwicklungsperspektive, methodische Ans\u00e4tze (Genetik, Neurophysiologie, digitale Ph\u00e4notypisierung, maschinelles Lernen) sowie potenzielle klinische Anwendungsfelder bei der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-\/Hyperaktivit\u00e4tsst\u00f6rung (ADHS), Autismus-Spektrum-St\u00f6rungen, Depression und im Psychoserisiko diskutiert. Gleichzeitig werden methodische, entwicklungsbezogene und ethische Herausforderungen beleuchtet. Die Pr\u00e4zisionspsychiatrie besitzt erhebliches Potenzial f\u00fcr Fr\u00fcherkennung, Prognose und Differentialindikation, befindet sich jedoch \u00fcberwiegend noch im Forschungsstadium. 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