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Der folgende \u00dcbersichtsartikel fasst Ergebnisse aus Bildgebungsstudien zu diesen St\u00f6rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter zusammen, wobei strukturelle und funktionelle Befunde durch Magnetresonanztomographie einen Schwerpunkt einnehmen. \u00dcbereinstimmend zeigen sich im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen morphologische Ver\u00e4nderungen im Bereich von Basalganglien und pr\u00e4frontalem Kortex sowie abnorme Aktivierungen in fronto-striatalen Systemen. Vor allem beim ADHS und Tourette-Syndrom werden pr\u00e4frontale Abweichungen gefunden, die beim letzteren milder ausgepr\u00e4gt sind und unter Umst\u00e4nden auf Kompensationsmechanismen zur\u00fcckzuf\u00fchren sein k\u00f6nnten. Beim ADHS finden sich zus\u00e4tzlich kleine, globale morphologische Ver\u00e4nderungen im gesamten Kortex und im Zerebellum, beim Tourette-Syndrom werden zudem Auff\u00e4lligkeiten im okzipitalen Kortex beschrieben. Bei der Zwangserkrankung bestehen weitere strukturelle und funktionelle Aberrationen im Bereich von Amygdala und Thalamus und zudem orbito-frontale Funktionsver\u00e4nderungen, die beim ADHS eher im ventralen pr\u00e4frontalen Kortex zu finden sind. Diese Befunde scheinen insgesamt mit St\u00f6rungen in kortiko-striato-thalamiko-kortikalen Regelkreisen assoziiert zu sein und u. a. in Verbindung mit Dysfunktionen im Bereich der Inhibition von motorischen Reaktionen, impulsiven Handlungen und unerw\u00fcnschten Gedanken zu stehen. 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