{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:31:27Z","timestamp":1768293087147,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Media Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract. Morally ambiguous characters are often perceived to challenge Zillmann\u2019s affective disposition theory of drama. At the heart of this challenge is the question: \u201cTo what extent can liking be independent of character morality?\u201d The current study examines this question with a 2 (Disposition: Positive vs. Negative)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a03 (Character Type: Hero, Antihero, Villain) between-subjects factorial experiment that induces variance in liking and morality. We assess the influence of these orthogonal manipulations on measured liking and morality. Main effects of both manipulations on the measured variables emerged, with a significant correlation between measures. Regression analyses further confirm that liking is associated with perceived morality and vice versa. Because variance in morality was induced by the liking manipulation and variance in liking was induced by the morality manipulation, the assumptions of disposition theory regarding morality and liking seem accurate. Future research directions are provided that may help reconcile and integrate the seeming challenge of morally ambiguous characters with affective disposition theory. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,2]],"date-time":"2020-04-02T08:17:00Z","timestamp":1585815420000},"page":"100-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Gordian Knot of Disposition Theory"],"prefix":"10.1027","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2883-0308","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthew","family":"Grizzard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}]},{"given":"Jialing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University \u2013 Texarkana, TX, USA"}]},{"given":"Changhyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"}]},{"given":"C. Joseph","family":"Francemone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}]},{"given":"Jess","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA"}]}],"member":"101","reference":[{"key":"c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15213269.2016.1182030"},{"key":"c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJART.2011.037768"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2014.923462"},{"key":"c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650217699934"},{"key":"c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11211-007-0034-z"},{"key":"c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/commun-2015-0022"},{"key":"c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poetic.2016.10.003"},{"key":"c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2011.01618.x"},{"key":"c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJART.2011.037772"},{"key":"c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2012.690926"},{"key":"c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.38.4.379"},{"key":"c12","unstructured":"Raney, A.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA. (2003). \t\t\t\t\t\tDisposition-based theories of enjoyment. In \t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Bryant, \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. Cantor, & \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. Roskos-Ewoldsen \t\t\t\t\t\t(Eds.), Communication and \t\t\t\t\t\t\temotion: Essays in honor of Dolf Zillmann (pp. \t\t\t\t\t\t61\u201384). Mahwah, \t\t\t\t\t\tNJ: \t\t\t\t\tErlbaum."},{"key":"c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2004.tb00319.x"},{"key":"c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15205436.2015.1096944"},{"key":"c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2012.01682.x"},{"key":"c16","unstructured":"Zillmann,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. \t\t\t\t\t\t(2000). Basal morality in drama \t\t\t\t\t\tappreciation. In I. Bondebjerg \t\t\t\t\t\t(Ed.), Moving images, culture \t\t\t\t\t\t\tand the mind (pp. \t\t\t\t\t\t53\u201363). Luton, \t\t\t\t\t\tUK: University of Luton \t\t\t\t\t\tPress."},{"key":"c17","unstructured":"Zillmann,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. \t\t\t\t\t\t(2013). Moral monitoring and emotionality in \t\t\t\t\t\tresponding to fiction, sports, and the news. In \t\t\t\t\t\tR. Tamborini \t\t\t\t\t\t(Ed.), Media and the moral \t\t\t\t\t\t\tmind (pp. \t\t\t\t\t132\u2013151). New York, \t\t\t\t\t\tNY: \t\t\t\t\tRoutledge."},{"key":"c18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(75)90008-6"},{"key":"c19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zillmann,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tD. & \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCantor,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJ. \t\t\t\t\t\t(1976). A disposition theory of humor and \t\t\t\t\t\tmirth. In T. Chapman, & \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tH. Foot \t\t\t\t\t(Eds.), Humor and laughter: Theory, \t\t\t\t\t\t\tresearch, and application (pp. \t\t\t\t\t\t93\u2013115). London, \t\t\t\t\t\tUK: Wiley.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203789469-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Media Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000257","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T10:57:13Z","timestamp":1703156233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/econtent.hogrefe.com\/doi\/10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000257"}},"subtitle":["Character Morality and Liking"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000257","relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-1105","2151-2388"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-1105","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-2388","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}}}