{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T22:25:30Z","timestamp":1778711130995,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Hogrefe Publishing Group","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Media Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Abstract. We investigate whether Schadenfreude \u2013 finding pleasure in others\u2019 misfortune \u2013 moderates the perception and effects of negative political messages (\u201cnegative campaigning\u201d). We present the results of three experiments, two conducted in the United States with samples of 1,722 and 1,408 respondents surveyed via MTurk, and the other conducted in The Netherlands with a sample of 143 undergraduate students. In all studies respondents were exposed to a positive or negative message on a given issue and asked afterward to evaluate the message (message perception) and the target of the message (effect of the message). Studies 1 and 2 tested for the moderating effect of \u201ctrait\u201d Schadenfreude \u2013 that is, to what extent respondents are likely to experience Schadenfreude in their everyday life, whereas Study 3 tested for the effects of \u201cstate\u201d Schadenfreude via a stimulus intended to elicit it as a reaction. Results show that (1) Schadenfreude moderates the perception of the negative messages; people with low trait Schadenfreude react strongly (and negatively) to attacks; (2) state Schadenfreude does not have as strong an effect as trait Schadenfreude; (3) Schadenfreude only marginally moderates the direct effect of the negative message on the evaluation of the target politician. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-1105\/a000283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T08:49:51Z","timestamp":1604047791000},"page":"82-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["When They Go Low, We Gloat"],"prefix":"10.1027","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Nai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam School of Communication Research, \t\t\t\t\tUniversity of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4374-6924","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lukas P.","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam School of Communication Research, \t\t\t\t\tUniversity of Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"101","reference":[{"key":"c1","volume-title":"Going negative: How attack ads shrink and polarize the electorate","author":"Ansolabehere S.","year":"1995"},{"key":"c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/698928"},{"key":"c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pan\/mpr057"},{"key":"c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0092-5853.2005.00130.x"},{"key":"c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.05.009"},{"key":"c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2014.12.007"},{"key":"c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00049530500048672"},{"key":"c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5907.2010.00494.x"},{"key":"c9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226285009.001.0001"},{"key":"c10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0267323119861875"},{"key":"c11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-6566(03)00046-1"},{"key":"c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294117745562"},{"key":"c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0578-z"},{"key":"c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2014.04.020"},{"key":"c15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019265"},{"key":"c16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1354068801007001004"},{"key":"c17","volume-title":"Negative campaigning: An analysis of U.S. senate elections","author":"Lau R. 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