{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:47:03Z","timestamp":1792810023948,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"B11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,15]],"date-time":"2002-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1037318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We have constructed new apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) for major plates over the last 200 Myr. Updated kinematic models and selected paleomagnetic data allowed us to construct a master APWP. A persistent quadrupole moment on the order of 3% of the dipole over the last 200 Myr is suggested. Paleomagnetic and hot spot APW are compared, and a new determination of \u201ctrue polar wander\u201d (TPW) is derived. Under the hypothesis of fixed Atlantic and Indian hot spots, we confirm that TPW is episodic, with periods of (quasi) standstill alternating with periods of faster TPW (in the Cretaceous). The typical duration of these periods is on the order of a few tens of millions of years with wander rates during fast tracks on the order of 30 to 50 km\/Myr. A total TPW of some 30\u00b0 is suggested for the last 200 Myr. We find no convincing evidence for episodes of superfast TPW such as proposed recently by a number of authors. Comparison over the last 130 Myr of TPW deduced from hot spot tracks and paleomagnetic data in the Indo\u2010Atlantic hemisphere with an independent determination for the Pacific plate supports the idea that, to first order, TPW is a truly global feature of Earth dynamics. Comparison with numerical modeling estimates of TPW shows that all current models still fail to some extent to account for the observed values of TPW velocity and for the succession of standstills and tracks which is observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2000jb000050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,2]],"date-time":"2002-12-02T14:38:55Z","timestamp":1038839935000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":736,"title":["Apparent and true polar wander and the geometry of the geomagnetic field over the last 200 Myr"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Besse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9omagn\u00e9tisme UMR 7577, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Courtillot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9omagn\u00e9tisme UMR 7577, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.263.5151.1246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB090iB09p07737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Besse J. Cin\u00e9matique des plaques et d\u00e9rive des ples magn\u00e9tiques: Evolution de la T\u00e9thys collisions continentales et couplage manteau\/noyau th\u00e8se d'etat 380 pp. Univ. Paris 7 Paris France 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB10p11791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/90JB01916"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2151334a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1965.0020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5360.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(02)00495-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00292.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246x.1998.00577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GL015i001p00052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2001)029<0695:HMPHAF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB10p11569"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5475.2283a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB085iB07p03529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9201(94)90082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RG022i001p00047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Plate Tectonics: How It Works","author":"Cox A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB09p10467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(99)00096-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB02061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"D. C. Engebretson A. Cox R. G. Gordon 1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1996.tb05305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92JB00648"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(98)00031-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GL010i008p00709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02642.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","volume-title":"D\u00e9formation et rotation de la Terre, M\u00e9moire d'habilitation","author":"Greff\u2010Lefftz M.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB02p01851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","unstructured":"Harland W. B. R.Armstrong A.Cox L.Craig A.Smith andD.Smith A Geologic Time Scale 263 pp. Cambridge Univ. Press New York 1989."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03091929608213629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01453983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1989)017<0316:PVOTAO>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1997.tb06604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kent D. V. andF. M.Gradstein A Jurassic to recent chronology in The Geology of North America vol.M The Western Atlantic Region edited byP. R.Vogt andB. E.Tucholke pp.45\u201350 Geol. Soc. of Am. Boulder Colo. 1986.","DOI":"10.1130\/DNAG-GNA-M.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(00)00387-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawver L. A. andC.Scotese A revised reconstruction of Gondwanaland in Gondwana Six Structure Tectonics and Geophysics Geophys. Monogr. Ser. vol.40 edited byG. D.McKenzie pp.17\u201323 AGU Washington D. C. 1987.","DOI":"10.1029\/GM040p0017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(88)90020-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1983.tb03812.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1984.tb02878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/350055a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB091iB11p11519"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95EO00158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB01911"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(88)90072-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1990.tb05683.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","unstructured":"Merrill R. T. andM. W.McElhinny The Earth's Magnetic Field 401 pp. Academic San Diego Calif. 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/246288a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/327587a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(83)90013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB02605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1993)021<0275:RPMRTT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95TC01256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(91)90231-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB01497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RG025i001p00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/311615a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB081i023p04173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1978.tb04234.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.1999.00901.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1992.tb00091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(00)00129-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL01105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93JB02216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB094iB10p13755"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(88)90268-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","volume-title":"Tech. Rep. 117","author":"Royer J. Y.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB093iB10p11753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","first-page":"45","volume-title":"in Large Igneous Provinces, Geophys. Monogr. Ser.","author":"Saunders A. D.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.242.4876.252"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"717","article-title":"Paleomagnetism of Leg 115 sediments: Implications for Neogene magnetostratigraphy and paleolatitude of the Reunion Hotspot","volume":"115","author":"Schneider D. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RG028i001p00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB077i035p07089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","first-page":"379","volume-title":"in The Geology of North America","author":"Srivastava S. P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387169a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246x.1998.00447.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5473.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94JB00853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GL017i001p00101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(97)00169-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378477a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(00)00348-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-0182(83)90039-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_90_1","unstructured":"Torcq F. Evolution et destruction de la Pang\u00e9e du Carbonif\u00e8re au Jurassique th\u00e8se de doctorat 183 pp. Univ. Paris 7 Paris France 1997."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_91_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Palaeomagnetism of Leg 115 basement rocks and latitudinal evolution of the R\u00e9union hotspot","volume":"115","author":"Vandamme D.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91RG00218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/RG028i002p00167"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511524936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(86)90193-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1970.tb06056.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JB900338"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2000JB000050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2000JB000050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T15:44:11Z","timestamp":1697557451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2000JB000050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"B11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2000JB000050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2000jb000050","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}}}