{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:38:38Z","timestamp":1792532318635,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"B8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,16]],"date-time":"2002-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1029456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new two\u2010step hybrid technique (hybrid) has been developed to estimate the earthquake ground motion in three\u2010dimensional (3\u2010D) local models excited by external sources. The main use of the technique is fast evaluation of site effects and seismic hazard because our technique needs less computer memory and time than all\u2010in\u2010one source\u2010path\u2010site computational methods. The first step of the hybrid requires an arbitrary 3\u2010D method (e.g., finite difference (FD), discrete wave number, ray, or analytical solution) to compute three\u2010component excitation on a grid box surrounding a site of interest. A particular excitation contains information on the source and path effects and is saved on disk as a time history. Depending on the method used, the first step may also contain nonplanar topography. The second step (3\u2010D FD) employs local structure and topography inside the excitation box and a procedure that exactly couples the first step results with the second step. The speedup of the hybrid method is made possible through the computation of the excitation (saved on disk) in the first step and the use of FD on irregular grids in the second step of the hybrid. The second step computational model can be just a small spatial fraction of the original source\u2010path\u2010site model. A practical parameter study example of a point double\u2010couple source and regional topography model (applied in the first step) with a local low\u2010velocity basin structure and ridge (both applied in the second step only) is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2000jb000082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,27]],"date-time":"2002-10-27T18:39:25Z","timestamp":1035743965000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional finite difference method and hybrid modeling of earthquake ground motion"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Ivo","family":"Oprsal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Zahradnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics Charles University  Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1190\/1.1440217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Quantitative Seismology Theory and Methods","author":"Aki K.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Propagation of elastic waves in layered media by finite\u2010difference methods","volume":"58","author":"Alterman Z.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Bull. 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