{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T00:50:43Z","timestamp":1768092643094,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"B11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,10]],"date-time":"2000-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":973814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The Askja volcano at the spreading plate boundary in north Iceland consists of nested calderas, the latest formed in an eruption in 1875. Several eruptions have occurred since in Askja, the most recent in 1961. Precise leveling has been conducted yearly at Askja since 1983. In 1993, a dense GPS network was measured in and around the Askja caldera consisting of more than 20 points, and we remeasured this complete network for the first time in 1998. Askja subsided during the period from 1983 to 1998. Observed deformation fits broadly with a \u201cMogi\u201d point source model with best fitting location near the center of the main Askja caldera (65.0448\u00b0N, 16.7805\u00b0W) at a depth of 2.8 km. From 1983 to 1991 the yearly subsidence rate between the end points of a leveling profile decayed gradually from \u223c10 mm\/yr to an average of \u223c7 mm\/yr in the 1991\u20131998 period. Total subsidence at the Askja center in the 1983\u20131998 period is at least 75 cm, and the integrated volume of surface subsidence is \u223c0.037 km<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>. This period has been a \u201cquiet\u201d period at Askja with no eruptions, large earthquakes or known dike injections. Such a high rate of \u201cbackground\u201d deformation has not been observed at other volcanoes in Iceland. The eruption of a neighboring volcano in 1996 has not resulted in a modified deformation pattern at Askja, indicating no pressure connection at depth between the two systems. Solidification may account for part of the observed contraction and subsidence in Askja.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2000jb900178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T23:41:39Z","timestamp":1075851699000},"page":"25671-25684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Continuous deflation of the Askja caldera, Iceland, during the 1983\u20131998 noneruptive period"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Sturkell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Freysteinn","family":"Sigmundsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"Annertz K. M.Nilsson G. E.Sigvaldason The postglacial history of Dyngjufj\u00f6llRep. 8503Nord. Volcanol. Inst. Univ. of Iceland Reykjavik 1985."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","volume-title":"Data Reduction and Error Analysis","author":"Bevington P. R.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33799\/jokull1992.42.001","article-title":"Historical accounts of earthquakes associated with eruptive activity in the Askja volcanic system","volume":"42","author":"Brandsd\u00f3ttir B.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00f6kull"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB03799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301404"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL02118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","unstructured":"Einarsson P. 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Earthquake Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","unstructured":"Rist S. St\u00f6duv\u00f6tn IcelandicRep. OS\u2010Vatn 7503Nal. Energy. Auth. Reykjav\u00edk Iceland 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Bernese GPS software version 4.0","author":"Rothacher M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00301147"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92GL01636"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JB00892"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL01934"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02597219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","unstructured":"Sigvaldason G. E. Rifting magmatic activity and interaction between acid and basic liquids. The 1875 Askja eruption in IcelandRep. 7903Nord. Volcanol. Inst. 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