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This paper traces the development and application of Monte Carlo methods for inverse problems in the Earth sciences and in particular geophysics. The major developments in theory and application are traced from the earliest work of the Russian school and the pioneering studies in the west by<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#rog1559-bib-0144\"><jats:italic>Press<\/jats:italic>[1968]<\/jats:ext-link>to modern importance sampling and ensemble inference methods. The paper is divided into two parts. The first is a literature review, and the second is a summary of Monte Carlo techniques that are currently popular in geophysics. These include simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, and other importance sampling approaches. The objective is to act as both an introduction for newcomers to the field and a comprehensive reference source for researchers already familiar with Monte Carlo inversion. It is our hope that the paper will serve as a timely summary of an expanding and versatile methodology and also encourage applications to new areas of the Earth sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2000rg000089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,12]],"date-time":"2002-12-12T17:19:16Z","timestamp":1039713556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":629,"title":["MONTE CARLO METHODS IN GEOPHYSICAL INVERSE PROBLEMS"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Sambridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Earth Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Mosegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics and Geophysics University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Simulated Annealing and Boltzmann Machines","author":"Aarts E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00880211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00879552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00875623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1972.tb06169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jphys:019880049090148500"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-5553(79)90085-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1988.tb01127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1967.tb02159.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1968.tb00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1970.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.249.4975.1409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Biometrika","author":"Bayes T.","year":"1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03993.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1994.tb03994.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","series-title":"Pure Appl. 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