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The soils were chosen to cover a transect through Europe, sandy and loamy textures, and different atmospheric nitrogen deposition rates. In a two\u2010factorial experimental design, soil cores were kept under varying conditions with respect to temperature (range 5\u201320\u00b0C) and soil moisture (range 0\u2013300 kPa). The combination of soil temperature and soil moisture could explain a better part of variations in NO (up to 74%) and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O (up to 86%) emissions for individual soils, but average emissions differed significantly between various forest soils. Generally, NO and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O were emitted from all soils except from the boreal pine forest soil, where NO was consumed. NO emissions from the German spruce forest receiving highest yearly nitrogen inputs of &gt;35 kg ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> ranged from 1.3 to 608.9 \u03bcg NO\u2010N m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and largely exceeded emissions from other soils. Average N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions from this soil tended also to be highest (171.7 \u00b1 42.2 \u03bcg N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u2010N m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), but did not differ significantly from other soils. NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> deposition occurred in all soils and strongly correlated to NO emissions. NO and N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions showed a positive exponential relationship to soil temperature. With activation energies between 57 and 133 kJ mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions from the various soils responded more uniformely to temperature than NO emissions with 41 and 199 kJ mol<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The two Austrian beech forest soils showed exceptionally high activation energies for NO emissions, which might be attributed to chemodenitrification. N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions increased with increasing water filled pore space (WFPS) or decreasing water tension, respectively. Maximal N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O emissions were measured between 80 and 95% WFPS or 0 kPa water tension. Optimal moisture for NO emission differed significantly between the soils, and ranged between 15% WFPS in sandy Italian floodplain soil and 65% in loamy Austrian beech forest soils. These differences may be related to the specific adaptation of the microbial communities to draught conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2004jd004590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T21:35:34Z","timestamp":1094074534000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":283,"title":["Effects of soil moisture and temperature on NO, NO<sub>2<\/sub>, and N<sub>2<\/sub>O emissions from European forest soils"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schindlbacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Forest Ecology Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests \u2010 BFW  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Zechmeister\u2010Boltenstern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Forest Ecology Federal Office and Research Centre for Forests \u2010 BFW  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Butterbach\u2010Bahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Research Center  Garmisch\u2010Partenkirchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"08463","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Effect of temperate climate tree species on gross ammonification, gross nitrification and N2O formation","volume":"5","author":"Br\u00fcggemann N.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophys. 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