{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:25:00Z","timestamp":1793406300338,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"B5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]],"date-time":"2006-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Using a regional GPS data set including \u223c190 stations in Asia, from Nepal to eastern Indonesia and spanning 11 years, we update the present\u2010day relative motion between the Indian and Sundaland plates and discuss the deformation taking place between them in Myanmar. Revisiting measurements acquired on the Main Boundary Thrust in Nepal, it appears that points in southern Nepal exhibit negligible deformation with respect to mainland India. Including these points, using a longer time span than previous studies, and making an accurate geodetic mapping in the newest reference frame allows us to refine the present\u2010day Indian motion. Our results confirm that the current motion of India is slower than predicted by the NUVEL\u20101A model, and in addition our India\u2010Eurasia motion is significantly (\u223c5 mm\/yr) slower than previous geodetic determinations. This new Indian motion, combined with a refined determination of the Sundaland motion, gives way to a relative India\u2010Sunda angular velocity of 20.2\u00b0N, 26.1\u00b0E, 0.370\u00b0\/Myr in ITRF2000, predicting a relative motion of 35 mm\/yr oriented N10\u00b0 at the latitude of Myanmar. There, the Sagaing Fault accommodates only 18 mm\/yr of right\u2010lateral strike slip, only half of the shear component of motion. We present two models addressing how and where the remaining deformation may occur. A first model of distributed deformation implies convergence on the Arakan subduction (the northern continuation of the now famous Sumatra\u2010Andaman Trench) and wrench faulting in the Arakan wedge. The second model uses localized deformation, where deformation observed west of the Sagaing Fault is entirely due to elastic loading on a faster and oblique Arakan subduction (23 mm\/yr). This latter model predicts that a major earthquake of\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    8.5 may occur every century on this segment of the subduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2005jb003877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]],"date-time":"2006-05-06T08:08:54Z","timestamp":1146902934000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":206,"title":["India and Sunda plates motion and deformation along their boundary in Myanmar determined by GPS"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Socquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9ologie de l'Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, UMR 8538 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Vigny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9ologie de l'Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, UMR 8538 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Chamot\u2010Rooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de G\u00e9ologie de l'Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, UMR 8538 Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Rangin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coll\u00e8ge de France, Chaire de G\u00e9odynamique Europ\u00f4le de l'Arbois Aix en Provence France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boudewijn","family":"Ambrosius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000674"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"513","article-title":"Seismic cycle in the Himalayas","volume":"333","author":"Avouac J. P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser IIa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"F. Bender 1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"479","article-title":"The Singu basalts (Myanmar): New constraints for the amount of recent offset on the Sagaing Fault","volume":"327","author":"Bertrand G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci., Ser. IIa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-9120(00)00061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386061a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0011321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0743-9547(98)00002-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB002373"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JB900032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(99)00239-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1993)021<1043:ISITCI>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0077-7579(89)90144-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023520105384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022695"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1990.tb06579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94GL02118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2005.02598.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061082"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1998)026<0131:DEOADI>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB077i023p04432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000JB900158"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/TC009i003p00409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0273-1177(99)00157-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93GL03053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"The Tectonic Evolution of Asia","author":"Guzman\u2010Speziale M.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-9120(01)00069-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","article-title":"Plate tectonics of Southeast Asia and Indonesia","volume":"56","author":"Hamilton W. B.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"Herring T. A.(1999) Documentation for the GLOBK software version 5.01 Mass. Inst. of Technol. Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1987)15<911:TMITBS>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/91JB01021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03675","article-title":"Extent, duration and speed of the 2004 Sumatra\u2013Andaman earthquake imaged by the Hi\u2010Net array","volume":"435","author":"Ishii M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1986)14<780:TMBSFO>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2004.02180.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB082i020p02981"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0743-9547(90)90004-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"King R. W. andY.Bock(1999) Documentation for the GAMIT GPS software analysis version 9.9 Mass. Inst. of Technol. Cambridge."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1998)026<0703:HRLASS>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1998JB900043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB089iB01p00453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL022437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1991)019<0881:SVASOT>2.3.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","unstructured":"McCaffrey R.(1995) DEFNODE users' guide Rensselaer Polytech. Inst. Troy N. Y.(Available athttp:\/\/www.rpi.edu\/\u223cmccafr\/defnode)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/GD030p0101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JB003307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JB900362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(01)00298-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1144\/gsjgs.150.6.1089"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.margeo.2004.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0750041135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96JB02698"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","first-page":"1837","article-title":"Polyphase deformation in a fore\u2010arc\/back\u2010arc basin, Salin subbasin, Myanmar (Burma)","volume":"82","author":"Pivnik D. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"AAPG Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97GL52691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","unstructured":"Rangin C. et al. (1999) Cenozoic pull\u2010apart basins in central Myanmar; the trace of the path of India along the western margin of Sundaland paper presented atEuropean Union of Geosciences conference EUG 10 Strasbourg France 28 March to 1 April."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL005396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"The Tectonic Evolution of Asia","author":"Ratschbacher L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5330.1268"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024-003-2378-0","article-title":"Oblique plate convergence in the Indo\u2010Burma (Myanmar) subduction region","volume":"160","author":"Satyabala S.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL900395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"271","article-title":"Geodynamics of S. E. Asia; first results of the Sulawesi 1998 GPS campaign","volume":"121","author":"Simons W. J. F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"IAG Gen. Assembly"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseaes.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1631-0713(02)01796-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"Major strike\u2010slip faulting in China: Its significance for Asian tectonics","volume":"7","author":"Tapponnier P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"Seismol. Soc. Am. Annu. Meet."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(1982)10<611:PETIAN>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JB001999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"495","article-title":"GPS unveils actual impact of the mega thrust earthquake in SE Asia","volume":"24","author":"Vigny C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(98)00056-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.1998.00641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00206819709465267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang E. et al. (1998) Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe\u2010Xiaojiang Red River and Dali fault systems of southwestern Sichuan and central Yunnan China Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am.327 108 pp.","DOI":"10.1130\/0-8137-2327-2.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0840040974","article-title":"New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement","volume":"84","author":"Wells D. L.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/95EO00198"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2005JB003877","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2005JB003877","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T02:14:15Z","timestamp":1707012855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2005JB003877"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"B5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2005JB003877"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2005jb003877","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0227","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"article-number":"2005JB003877"}}