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This has enabled the presentation of the most up\u2010to\u2010date and comprehensive global picture of trends in extreme temperature and precipitation indices using results from a number of workshops held in data\u2010sparse regions and high\u2010quality station data supplied by numerous scientists world wide. Seasonal and annual indices for the period 1951\u20132003 were gridded. Trends in the gridded fields were computed and tested for statistical significance. Results showed widespread significant changes in temperature extremes associated with warming, especially for those indices derived from daily minimum temperature. Over 70% of the global land area sampled showed a significant decrease in the annual occurrence of cold nights and a significant increase in the annual occurrence of warm nights. Some regions experienced a more than doubling of these indices. This implies a positive shift in the distribution of daily minimum temperature throughout the globe. Daily maximum temperature indices showed similar changes but with smaller magnitudes. Precipitation changes showed a widespread and significant increase, but the changes are much less spatially coherent compared with temperature change. Probability distributions of indices derived from approximately 200 temperature and 600 precipitation stations, with near\u2010complete data for 1901\u20132003 and covering a very large region of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes (and parts of Australia for precipitation) were analyzed for the periods 1901\u20131950, 1951\u20131978 and 1979\u20132003. Results indicate a significant warming throughout the 20th century. Differences in temperature indices distributions are particularly pronounced between the most recent two periods and for those indices related to minimum temperature. An analysis of those indices for which seasonal time series are available shows that these changes occur for all seasons although they are generally least pronounced for September to November. Precipitation indices show a tendency toward wetter conditions throughout the 20th century.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2005jd006290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,15]],"date-time":"2006-03-15T00:24:53Z","timestamp":1142382293000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2989,"title":["Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"L. 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