{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T18:36:42Z","timestamp":1770835002768,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,27]],"date-time":"2007-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1198713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Global Biogeochemical Cycles"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Continental to global\u2010scale modeling of the carbon cycle using process\u2010based models is subject to large uncertainties. These uncertainties originate from the model structure and uncertainty in model forcing fields; however, little is known about their relative importance. A thorough understanding and quantification of uncertainties is necessary to correctly interpret carbon cycle simulations and guide further model developments. This study elucidates the effects of different state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art land cover and meteorological data set options and biosphere models on simulations of gross primary productivity (GPP) over Europe. The analysis is based on (1) three different process\u2010oriented terrestrial biosphere models (Biome\u2010BGC, LPJ, and Orchidee) driven with the same input data and one model (Biome\u2010BGC) driven with (2) two different meteorological data sets (ECMWF and REMO), (3) three different land cover data sets (GLC2000, MODIS, and SYNMAP), and (4) three different spatial resolutions of the land cover (0.25\u00b0 fractional, 0.25\u00b0 dominant, and 0.5\u00b0 dominant). We systematically investigate effects on the magnitude, spatial pattern, and interannual variation of GPP. While changing the land cover map or the spatial resolution has only little effect on the model outcomes, changing the meteorological drivers and especially the model results in substantial differences. Uncertainties of the meteorological forcings affect particularly strongly interannual variations of simulated GPP. By decomposing modeled GPP into their biophysical and ecophysiological components (absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR) and radiation use efficiency (RUE), respectively) we show that differences of interannual GPP variations among models result primarily from differences of simulating RUE. Major discrepancies appear to be related to the feedback through the carbon\u2010nitrogen interactions in one model (Biome\u2010BGC) and water stress effects, besides the modeling of croplands. We suggest clarifying the role of nitrogen dynamics in future studies and revisiting currently applied concepts of carbon\u2010water cycle interactions regarding the representation of canopy conductance and soil processes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2006gb002915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,26]],"date-time":"2007-12-26T21:01:14Z","timestamp":1198702874000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Uncertainties of modeling gross primary productivity over Europe: A systematic study on the effects of using different drivers and terrestrial biosphere models"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling  Hamburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESA GOFC GOLD Project Office, Department of Geography Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Churkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Reichstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Soenke","family":"Zaehle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climate Sciences and the Environment (LSCE) Joint Unit of CEA\u2010CNRS  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ciais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climate Sciences and the Environment (LSCE) Joint Unit of CEA\u2010CNRS  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Viovy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Climate Sciences and the Environment (LSCE) Joint Unit of CEA\u2010CNRS  Gif\u2010sur\u2010Yvette France"}]},{"given":"Alberte","family":"Bondeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)  Potsdam Germany"}]},{"given":"Youmin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Trusilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"},{"name":"International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling  Hamburg Germany"}]},{"given":"Frauke","family":"Feser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GKSS\u2010Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH  Geesthacht Germany"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Heimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry  Jena Germany"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.2002.3022"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Optimal photosynthetic characteristics of individual plants in vegetation stands and implications for species coexistence","volume":"95","author":"Anten N. 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