{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T03:43:04Z","timestamp":1783568584746,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1166140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geophysical Research Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We show that the low\u2010pass filtered, peak amplitudes of initial P\u2010 and S\u2010wave seismic signals recorded in the vicinity of an occurring earthquake source correlates with the earthquake magnitude and may be used for real\u2010time estimation of the event size in seismic early warning applications. The earthquake size can be therefore estimated using only a couple of seconds of signal from the P\u2010 or S\u2010wave onsets, i.e. while the rupture itself is still propagating and rupture dimension is far from complete. We argue that dynamic stress release and\/or slip duration on the fault in the very early stage of seismic fracture, scales both with the observed peak amplitude and with the elastic energy available for fracture propagation. The probability that a fracture grows to a larger size should scale with the energy initially available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2006gl027795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T00:56:03Z","timestamp":1166144163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Earthquake magnitude estimation from peak amplitudes of very early seismic signals on strong motion records"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Aldo","family":"Zollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Lancieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Universit\u00e0 di Napoli Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Quantitative Seismology","author":"Aki K.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080912"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Internet site for European strong\u2010motion data","volume":"45","author":"Ambraseys N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120020162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Cracks and Fractures","author":"Broberg K. B.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JB075i026p04997"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0770041127","article-title":"Source parameter analysis from strong motion records of the Friuli, Italy, earthquake sequence (1976\u20131977)","volume":"77","author":"De Natale G.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120030133"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.earth.33.092203.122626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120030159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8928(64)90010-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Seismic Early Warning","author":"Nielsen S.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04214"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"193","volume-title":"The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting","author":"Scholz C. H.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Seismic Early Warning","author":"Weber E.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL026871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93JB00346"}],"container-title":["Geophysical Research Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2006GL027795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2006GL027795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T01:57:31Z","timestamp":1698717451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2006GL027795"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2006GL027795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2006gl027795","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-8276","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8007","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"article-number":"2006GL027795"}}