{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:27:30Z","timestamp":1782512850117,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"B7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Geophys. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We report the results of nearly 7 years of postseismic deformation measurements using continuously recorded and survey mode GPS observations for the 1999 Izmit\u2010D\u00fczce earthquake sequence. Resolvable, time\u2010dependent postseismic changes to the preearthquake interseismic velocity field extend at least as far as the continuous GPS station in Ankara, \u223c200 km southeast of the Izmit rupture. Seven years after the earthquake sequence, the relative postseismic velocity across the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) reaches \u223c10\u201312 mm\/a, roughly 50% of the steady state interseismic rate, with the highest postseismic velocities within 40 km of the coseismic ruptures. We use a sequence of logarithmic time functions to fit GPS site motions. Up to three logarithmic terms with decay constants of 1, 150, and 3500 days are necessary to fit all the transient motion observed at the continuous GPS stations. The first term is required for the component of site motion parallel to the NAF at near\u2010field sites strongly implicating rapid, shallow afterslip. The intermediate and longer\u2010term postseismic velocity components reflect more broadly distributed strain with a symmetric double\u2010couple pattern suggestive of either localized, deep afterslip or viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and\/or lower crust. In two areas (including the Marmara Sea) this pattern is superimposed on north\u2010south extension centered on the NAF. We speculate that this extension may result from aseismic dip slip along coseismically weakened faults, driven by the background tectonic stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2008jb006021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,8]],"date-time":"2009-07-08T20:00:29Z","timestamp":1247083229000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Seven years of postseismic deformation following the 1999, <i>M<\/i> = 7.4 and <i>M<\/i> = 7.2, Izmit\u2010D\u00fczce, Turkey earthquake sequence"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Ergintav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center Earth and Marine Sciences Institute  Gebze Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"McClusky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Hearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver, British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Reilinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center Earth and Marine Sciences Institute  Gebze Turkey"},{"name":"Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Bogazici University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Herring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Ozener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute Bogazici University  Istanbul Turkey"},{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Istanbul Technical University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Lenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Command of Mapping  Ankara Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Tari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geodesy and Photogrammetry Istanbul Technical University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006TC002030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(70)90014-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL011851"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120000818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120000841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"The Global Positioning System for the Geosciences: Summary and Proceedings of a Workshop on Improving the GPS Reference Station Infrastructure for Earth, Oceanic, and Atmospheric Science Applications","author":"Bock Y.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2006.03027.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120000833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0120000834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-246X.2003.02001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2005.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-1951(02)00535-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G23789A.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001900050161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0820041840","article-title":"Comparison of various inversion techniques as applied to the determination of a geophysical deformation model for the 1983 Borah Creek earthquake","volume":"82","author":"Du Y.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bull. 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