{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:09:44Z","timestamp":1792530584055,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,6]],"date-time":"2010-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Geochem Geophys Geosyst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vrancea, located at the southeastern Carpathians Arc bend, is one of the areas in the Alpine\u2010Himalayan belt that features strong earthquakes occurring at intermediate depths (60\u2013200 km). In this study we investigated the crustal and lithospheric structure beneath the Vrancea seismic area using a local earthquake tomography approach. We used an updated and revised catalog, spanning from 1982 to 2006 that uses data from both permanent and temporary networks in the target area. Simultaneous tomographic inversion for the Vp and Vs anomalies and the Vp\/Vs ratio and source locations was done using the LOTOS code. The reliability and robustness of the results were rigorously checked using various tests (e.g., by studying the role of different parameters on the results of the inversion, performing the inversion using random data subsets, and synthetic modeling). The tomography results clearly indicate the presence of a high\u2010velocity material beneath Vrancea at a depth interval of about 60\u2013200 km that coincides with the distribution of intermediate\u2010depth seismicity. This result agrees generally with previous tomographic studies. We compare two scenarios leading to this structure: (1) subduction and slab detachment and (2) \u201cdrop forming\u201d or delamination. The latter mechanism presumes that the thickening of the crust due to continent\u2010continent collision causes transformation of the mafic lower crust into denser eclogite. This material accumulates until it reaches a critical mass, at which point it forms a large drop that begins to fall down. We propose that the high\u2010velocity anomaly we observe in our tomogram might represent the descending eclogitic lower crust material enveloped by the entrained lithosphere. It is possible that a similar delamination process can be observed in other parts of the Alpine\u2010Himalayan belt, such as in the Pamir Hindu\u2010Kush area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2009gc002811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,5]],"date-time":"2010-03-05T21:00:44Z","timestamp":1267822844000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Delamination or slab detachment beneath Vrancea? New arguments from local earthquake tomography"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ivan","family":"Koulakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics  Novosibirsk 630090 Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Zaharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Earth Physics  Calugareni str. 12, PO Box MG\u20102, 077125 Magurele Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Enescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention  Tsukuba 305\u20100006 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Radulian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Earth Physics  Calugareni str. 12, PO Box MG\u20102, 077125 Magurele Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Earth Physics  Calugareni str. 12, PO Box MG\u20102, 077125 Magurele Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Parolai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Research Centre for Geosciences  D\u201014473 Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Zschau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Research Centre for Geosciences  D\u201014473 Potsdam Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-48684-8_24","volume-title":"Frontiers in Earth Sciences, vol. 1, The Andes: Active Subduction Orogeny","author":"Babeyko A. 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