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In the Bengal Basin of Bangladesh, we test the ability of satellite measurements under the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to trace both the seasonality and trend in groundwater storage associated with intensive groundwater abstraction for dry\u2010season irrigation and wet\u2010season (monsoonal) recharge. We show that GRACE (CSR, GRGS) datasets of recent (2003 to 2007) groundwater storage changes (\u0394<jats:italic>GWS<\/jats:italic>) correlate well (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.77 to 0.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt; 0.0001) with in situ borehole records from a network of 236 monitoring stations and account for 44% of the total variation in terrestrial water storage (\u0394<jats:italic>TWS<\/jats:italic>); highest correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value &lt; 0.0001) and lowest root\u2010mean\u2010square error (&lt;4 cm) are realized using a spherical harmonic product of CSR. Changes in surface water storage estimated from a network of 298 river gauging stations and soil\u2010moisture derived from Land Surface Models explain 22% and 33% of \u0394<jats:italic>TWS<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Groundwater depletion estimated from borehole hydrographs (\u22120.52 \u00b1 0.30 km<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) is within the range of satellite\u2010derived estimates (\u22120.44 to \u22122.04 km<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) that result from uncertainty associated with the simulation of soil moisture (CLM, NOAH, VIC) and GRACE signal\u2010processing techniques. Recent (2003 to 2007) estimates of groundwater depletion are substantially greater than long\u2010term (1985 to 2007) mean (\u22120.21 \u00b1 0.03 km<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and are explained primarily by substantial increases in groundwater abstraction for the dry\u2010season irrigation and public water supplies over the last two decades.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2011wr010993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T08:51:14Z","timestamp":1326099074000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":213,"title":["Monitoring groundwater storage changes in the highly seasonal humid tropics: Validation of GRACE measurements in the Bengal Basin"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Shamsudduha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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