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Restoration of peatlands by reflooding reverses CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> losses at the cost of increased methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) emissions, presenting a biogeochemical compromise. While restoring peatlands is a potentially effective method for sequestering carbon, the terms of this compromise are not well constrained. Here we present 14 site years of continuous CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ecosystem\u2010scale gas exchange over a network of restored freshwater wetlands in California, where long growing seasons, warm weather, and managed water tables result in some of the largest wetland ecosystem CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emissions recorded. These large CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emissions cause the wetlands to be strong greenhouse gas sources while sequestering carbon and building peat soil. The terms of this biogeochemical compromise, dictated by the ratio between carbon sequestration and CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emission, vary considerably across small spatial scales, despite nearly identical wetland climate, hydrology, and plant community compositions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2018gl077747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T23:02:11Z","timestamp":1528239731000},"page":"6081-6091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["A Biogeochemical Compromise: The High Methane Cost of Sequestering Carbon in Restored Wetlands"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle S.","family":"Hemes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Eichelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara H.","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University Department of Earth System Science  Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis D.","family":"Baldocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley Ecosystem Science Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JG003083"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo905"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"347","volume-title":"San Francisco Bay: The ecosystem","author":"Atwater B. 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