{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:17:01Z","timestamp":1790680621306,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009880","name":"Regione Lazio","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["prot 0987 25\/01\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["prot 0987 25\/01\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009880","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Rome region contains several sites where endogenous gas is brought to the surface through deep reaching faults, creating locally hazardous conditions for people and animals. Lavinio is a touristic borough of Anzio (Rome Capital Metropolitan City) that hosts a country club with a swimming pool and an adjacent basement balance tank. In early September 2011, the pool and the tank had been emptied for cleaning. On 5 September, four men descended into the tank and immediately lost consciousness. On 12 August 2012, after a long coma the first person died, the second one reported permanent damage to his central nervous system, and the other two men recovered completely. Detailed geochemical investigations show that the site is affected by a huge release of endogenous gas (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> \u2248 96 vol.% and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S \u2248 4 vol.%). High soil CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S flux values were measured near the pool (up to 898 and 7.155 g\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\u00b7day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively), and a high CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration (23\u201325 vol.%) was found at 50\u201370 cm depth in the soil. We were able to demonstrate that gas had been transported into the balance tank from the swimming pool through two hubs connected to the lateral overflow channels of the pool. We show also that the time before the accident (60 hr), during which the balance tank had remained closed to external air, had been largely sufficient to reach indoor nearly lethal conditions (oxygen deficiency and high concentration of both CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2019gh000211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T05:24:17Z","timestamp":1573104257000},"page":"407-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anomalous Discharge of Endogenous Gas at Lavinio (Rome, Italy) and the Lethal Accident of 5 September 2011"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Barberi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione Roma1 INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0223-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. L.","family":"Carapezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione Roma1 INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6045-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Tarchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione Roma1 INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ranaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione Roma1 INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0553-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione Roma1 INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gattuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sezione di Palermo, INGV\u2013Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia  Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005TC001845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Safety recommendations for volcanologists and the public","volume":"56","author":"Aramaki S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of Volcanology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Barberi F. Carapezza M.L. Tarchini L. Ranaldi M. Ricci T. &Gattuso A.(2019).Data set on soil gas flux soil and air gas concentration and atmospheric pressure at the Lavinio Country Club area (Anzio Rome) collected in 2011\u20102012.http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2122\/12784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0273(03)00029-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2012.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018TC005247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Volcanic hazards of the Colli Albani. In R. Funiciello & G. Giordano (Eds.). The Colli Albani volcano","volume":"3","author":"Carapezza M. 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