{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:20:00Z","timestamp":1791512400467,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T\u2010ERC 2018 FAULTPROBE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T\u2010ERC 2018 FAULTPROBE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["817803,FAULTSCAN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817803,FAULTSCAN"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011199","name":"FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["742335,F\u2010IMAGE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["742335,F\u2010IMAGE"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010681","name":"H2020 Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["776622,PACIFIC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["776622,PACIFIC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE\u2010SC0016520"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE\u2010SC0016520"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PLR\u20101643761"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PLR\u20101643761"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Geophysical Research Letters"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Laboratory experiments report that detectable seismic velocity changes should occur in the vicinity of fault zones prior to earthquakes. However, operating permanent active seismic sources to monitor natural faults at seismogenic depth is found to be nearly impossible to achieve. We show that seismic noise generated by vehicle traffic, and especially heavy freight trains, can be turned into a powerful repetitive seismic source to continuously probe the Earth's crust at a few kilometers depth. Results of an exploratory seismic experiment in Southern California demonstrate that correlations of train\u2010generated seismic signals allow daily reconstruction of direct\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    body waves probing the San Jacinto Fault down to 4\u2010km depth. This new approach may facilitate monitoring most of the San Andreas Fault system using the railway and highway network of California.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2019gl083438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T19:08:48Z","timestamp":1565982528000},"page":"9529-9536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["Train Traffic as a Powerful Noise Source for Monitoring Active Faults With Seismic Interferometry"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8684-7613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Brenguier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISterre, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Gi\u00e8res France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9153-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Bou\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISterre, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Gi\u00e8res France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9602-2014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Ben\u2010Zion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-4000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Vernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGPP University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2589-7593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.W.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGPP University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7998-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Mordret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EAPS MIT  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Coutant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISterre, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes  Gi\u00e8res France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6674-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.\u2010E.","family":"Share","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGPP University of California, San Diego  La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-9082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Beauc\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EAPS MIT  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Hollis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sisprobe  Grenoble France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4988-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Lecocq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Observatory of Belgium  Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggu176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-6142(03)80304-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u2010246X.2002.01637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014RG000455"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0220150173"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"California Department of Transportation(2013). \u201cCalifornia Rail Network GIS Data\u201d (http:\/\/www.dot.ca.gov\/hq\/tsip\/gis\/datalibrary\/Metadata\/Rail_13.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078551"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4864485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cageo.2013.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04797"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0220170092"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"3511","article-title":"Sources of long\u2010range anthropogenic noise in Southern California and implications for tectonic tremor detection","volume":"108","author":"Inbal A.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215141"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1785\/0220180081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2018.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL066997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JB011870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1190\/geo2010-0188.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gji\/ggw033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00024\u2010014\u20100955\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1601946"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005GL023803"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2775"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019491"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40623-018-0917-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics(2017) \u201cFreight facts & figures 2017\u2014Chapter 3. The freight transportation system\u201d (https:\/\/www.bts.gov\/bts\u2010publications\/freight\u2010facts\u2010and\u2010figures\/freight\u2010facts\u2010figures\u20102017\u2010chapter\u20103\u2010freight"}],"container-title":["Geophysical Research Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1029%2F2019GL083438","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2019GL083438","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2019GL083438","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2019GL083438","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2019GL083438","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T10:02:28Z","timestamp":1745316148000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2019GL083438"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2019GL083438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019gl083438","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-8276","1944-8007"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-8276","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8007","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}