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The energy dissipation via the wave\u2010particle interaction in our simulation agrees with <jats:styled-content><jats:bold>J<\/jats:bold>\u2009\u00b7\u2009<jats:bold>E<\/jats:bold><jats:sup><jats:italic>\u2032<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><\/jats:styled-content> measured by magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) spacecraft. It means that UHW contributes to the local energy dissipation. As a result of wave\u2010particle interactions, plasma parameters which determine the larger\u2010scale energy dissipation in the EDR are changed. The <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u2010directional current decreases while the pressure tensor <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> increases\/decreases when the agyrotropic beam density is low\/high, where <jats:styled-content>(<jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>,\u2009<jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>,\u2009<jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010coordinates correspond the <jats:styled-content>(<jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic>,\u2009<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>,\u2009<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>)<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010boundary coordinates. Because the reconnection electric field comes from <jats:styled-content>\u2212<jats:italic>\u2202<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>\u2202<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, our result implies that UHW plays an additional role in affecting larger\u2010scale energy dissipation in the EDR by changing plasma parameters. We provide a simple diagram that shows how the UHW activities change the profiles of plasma parameters near the EDR comparing cases with and without UHW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2020gl089778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1601355005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Effects of Upper\u2010Hybrid Waves on Energy Dissipation in the Electron Diffusion Region"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3917-7885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyunghwan","family":"Dokgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Research Institute  San Antonio TX 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