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Our interpretations of differing trace chemical species are suggestive of redox disequilibria in Venus' middle clouds. Assignments to the data (at 51.3\u00a0km) include phosphine, hydrogen sulfide, nitrous acid, nitric acid, carbon monoxide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen cyanide, ethane, and potentially ammonia, chlorous acid, and several tentative P\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>y<\/jats:sub>\n                    species. All parent ions were predicated upon assignment of corresponding fragmentation products, isotopologues, and atomic species. The data reveal parent ions at varying oxidation states, implying the presence of reducing power in the clouds, and illuminating the potential for chemistries yet to be discovered. When considering the hypothetical habitability of Venus' clouds, the assignments reveal a potential signature of anaerobic phosphorus metabolism (phosphine), an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis (nitrite), and major constituents of the nitrogen cycle (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and N\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2020gl091327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T23:55:10Z","timestamp":1615420510000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Venus' Mass Spectra Show Signs of Disequilibria in the Middle Clouds"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh","family":"Mogul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry &amp; Biochemistry Department California State Polytechnic University, Pomona  Pomona CA USA"},{"name":"Blue Marble Space Institute of Science  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8659-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay S.","family":"Limaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration  Greenbelt MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3728-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. J.","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Theoretical Astrophysics Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics University of Wisconsin  Madison WI USA"},{"name":"NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4570-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime A.","family":"Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin  Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Phosphine on Venus cannot be explained by conventional processes","author":"Bains W.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/92je00343"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93gl00513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.216.4546.630"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/202039559"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of geochemistry: A comprehensive reference source on the chemistry of the Earth","author":"Farquhar J.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2852(92)90244-i"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(78)90189-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60150a615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"On the robustness of phosphine signatures in Venus' clouds","author":"Greaves J. 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