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We develop air pollutant emissions inventories for rocket launches and re\u2010entry of reusable components and debris in 2019 and for a speculative space tourism scenario based on the recent billionaire space race. This we include in the global GEOS\u2010Chem model coupled to a radiative transfer model to determine the influence on stratospheric ozone (O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and climate. Due to recent surge in re\u2010entering debris and reusable components, nitrogen oxides from re\u2010entry heating and chlorine from solid fuels contribute equally to all stratospheric O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    depletion by contemporary rockets. Decline in global stratospheric O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    is small (0.01%), but reaches 0.15% in the upper stratosphere (\u223c5\u00a0hPa, 40\u00a0km) in spring at 60\u201390\u00b0N after a decade of sustained 5.6% a\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    growth in 2019 launches and re\u2010entries. This increases to 0.24% with a decade of emissions from space tourism rockets, undermining O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    recovery achieved with the Montreal Protocol. Rocket emissions of black carbon (BC) produce substantial global mean radiative forcing of 8\u00a0mW\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    after just 3\u00a0years of routine space tourism launches. This is a much greater contribution to global radiative forcing (6%) than emissions (0.02%) of all other BC sources, as radiative forcing per unit mass emitted is \u223c500 times more than surface and aviation sources. The O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    damage and climate effect we estimate should motivate regulation of an industry poised for rapid growth.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2021ef002612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T14:24:39Z","timestamp":1654784679000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Impact of Rocket Launch and Space Debris Air Pollutant Emissions on Stratospheric Ozone and Global Climate"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0806-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert G.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5477-8051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise A.","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe J.","family":"Balhatchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2476-4801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian D.","family":"Eastham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Cambridge MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/96gl01320"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","volume-title":"Education excellence and innovation management through vision 2020","author":"Alvino L.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","volume-title":"Chapter 3 in the. 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