{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:36:55Z","timestamp":1790800615309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFC0212205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFC0212205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007128","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021JQ\u2010027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JQ\u2010027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007128","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41877383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41877383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014888","name":"State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLLQG1919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLLQG1919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014888","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Bioaerosols have a major negative effect on air quality and on public health by causing the spread of diseases. This study evaluated the bioaerosol composition and variation in a semi\u2010arid megacity of northwest China from October 2019 to January 2020 using an Andersen six\u2010stage impactor sampler. The size distribution, diurnal variations of the concentrations of airborne bacteria, airborne fungi, and total airborne microbes (TAM) were investigated in autumn and winter. The mean concentrations of airborne bacteria, fungi, and TAM were 523.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0301.1 colony\u2010forming units (CFU)\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1318.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0447.8 CFU\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and (7.25\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.90)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, in autumn and 581\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0305.4 CFU\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 1234.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0519.9 CFU\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and (5.96\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.65)\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells\/m\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    , respectively, in winter. The mean bioaerosol concentrations were slightly higher on nonhaze days than on haze days, but the difference was not statistically significant. Higher ambient particulate matter levels and atmospheric oxidation capacity inhibited bacteria survival. The diurnal maximum bioaerosol concentration was observed in the morning in autumn, whereas in winter, bioaerosols did not exhibit such a distribution, the impact of human activities on bioaerosols was still uncertain. The size of airborne bacteria exhibited a bimodal distribution, whereas a unimodal pattern was observed for fungi and TAM. Most bacteria, fungi, and TAM were distributed in the respirable ranges from trachea and primary bronchi to alveoli, indicating that bioaerosols have a high risk of being inhaled and causing respiratory diseases in Xi\u2019an.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2021gh000411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T21:11:45Z","timestamp":1618607505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Diurnal Variations of Size\u2010Resolved Bioaerosols During Autumn and Winter Over a Semi\u2010Arid Megacity in Northwest China"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Liu","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry &amp; Physics SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-1751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"},{"name":"Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry &amp; Physics SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junqiang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical &amp; Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-5066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongmei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1000-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junji","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry &amp; Physics SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi\u2019an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.76.5.471-484.1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2003.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8095(02)00084-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.35.5.847-852.1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es402970s"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113669"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es4048472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(95)00143-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/meg032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2005.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02786820802068657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"An introduction to probability theory and its applications","author":"Feller W.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02069-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3675-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.125401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113485"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.03.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AERO.0000006530.32845.8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2012.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2011.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0964-8305(01)00103-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00028896409342649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106335"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2003.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2016.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.06.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.09.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2017.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AM.25.1.86-91.1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.10.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1542588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-020-8158-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.03.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2019.116972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1191056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo521"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"854","article-title":"Environment and climate effect of bioaerosol: A review","volume":"15","author":"Qi J. H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecology and Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.135027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-012-9276-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Relationship between airborne microbial and particulate matter concentrations in the ambient air at a Mediterranean site","volume":"12","author":"Raisi L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Global Nest Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2011.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2006077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.056005419.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.all.0000202356.83509.f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.11.094"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Profiles of airborne fungi in buildings and outdoor environments in the United States","volume":"68","author":"Shelton B. G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aemilianense"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.58.12.1560"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10453-015-9372-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.05.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es051533g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(13)60394-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2018.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.01.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-012-2844-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.02.004"}],"container-title":["GeoHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2021GH000411","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2021GH000411","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2021GH000411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:15:03Z","timestamp":1693199703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2021GH000411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2021GH000411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021gh000411","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1403","2471-1403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1403","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-1403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2021GH000411"}}