{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:01:50Z","timestamp":1780354910027,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was conducted to examine, at the county level, the relationship between pediatric cancer incidence rate and atrazine and nitrate mean concentrations in surface and groundwater. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between central nervous system (CNS) tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, and atrazine and nitrate mean concentrations in groundwater. The age\u2010adjusted brain and other CNS cancer incidence was higher than the national average in 63% of the Nebraska counties. After controlling for the counties socio\u2010economic status and nitrate concentrations in groundwater, counties with groundwater atrazine concentrations above 0.0002\u00a0\u00b5g\/L had a higher incidence rate for pediatric cancers (brain and other CNS, leukemia, and lymphoma) compared to counties with groundwater atrazine concentrations in the reference group (0.0000\u20130.0002\u00a0\u00b5g\/L). Additionally, compared to counties with groundwater nitrate concentrations between 0 and 2\u00a0mg\/L (reference group), counties with groundwater nitrate concentrations between 2.1 and 5\u00a0mg\/L (group 2) had a higher incidence rate for pediatric brain and other CNS cancers (IRR\u00a0=\u00a08.39; 95% CI: 8.24\u20138.54), leukemia (IRR\u00a0=\u00a07.35; 95% CI: 7.22\u20137.48), and lymphoma (IRR\u00a0=\u00a05.59; CI: 5.48\u20135.69) after adjusting for atrazine groundwater concentration and the county socio\u2010economic status. While these findings do not indicate a causal relationship, because other contaminants or cancer risk factors have not been accounted for, they suggest that atrazine and nitrate may pose a risk relative to the genesis of pediatric brain and CNS cancers, leukemia, and lymphoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2021gh000419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T14:48:15Z","timestamp":1644504495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Geospatial Distribution of Age\u2010Adjusted Incidence of the Three Major Types of Pediatric Cancers and Waterborne Agrichemicals in Nebraska"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9670-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balkissa S.","family":"Ouattara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4927-3507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jagadeesh","family":"Puvvula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azar","family":"Abadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddhi","family":"Munde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan S.","family":"Kolok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho Water Resources Research Institute University of Idaho  Moscow ID USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Bartelt\u2010Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of Engineering University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse E.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Wichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Rogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health College of Public Health University of Nebraska Medical Center  Omaha NE USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"CDC SVI documentation 2016","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-003-0082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Special section: Cancer in children & adolescents","author":"American Childhood Cancer Organization (ACCO)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069x-11-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cej.0b013e32835849ca"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-015-0070-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-016-0085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1178630217751906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","article-title":"Quality of water from domestic wells in principal aquifers of the United States, 1991\u20132004\u2014overview of major findings","volume":"1332","author":"DeSimone L. 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