{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:34:50Z","timestamp":1793208890917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/N014480\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/N014480\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/P017185\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P017185\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/V002554\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/V002554\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/P017185\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P017185\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/V002554\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/V002554\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/V006320\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/V006320\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/P017185\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/P017185\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"Natural Environment Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/V002554\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/V002554\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX16AG78G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX16AG78G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC20K1402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC20K1402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC20K1281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC20K1281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006198","name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\u2010HGIO18_2\u20100122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\u2010HGIO18_2\u20100122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006198","name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18\u2010HSWO2R18\u20100010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18\u2010HSWO2R18\u20100010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGR Space Physics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Loss mechanisms act independently or in unison to drive rapid loss of electrons in the radiation belts. Electrons may be lost by precipitation into the Earth's atmosphere, or through the magnetopause into interplanetary space\u2014a process known as magnetopause shadowing. While magnetopause shadowing is known to produce dropouts in electron flux, it is unclear if shadowing continues to remove particles in tandem with electron acceleration processes, limiting the overall flux increase. We investigated the contribution of shadowing to overall radiation belt fluxes throughout a geomagnetic storm starting on the 7 September 2017. We use new, multimission phase space density calculations to decipher electron dynamics during each storm phase and identify features of magnetopause shadowing during both the net\u2010loss and the net\u2010acceleration storm phases on sub\u2010hour time scales. We also highlight two distinct types of shadowing; \u201cdirect,\u201d where electrons are lost as their orbit intersects the magnetopause, and \u201cindirect,\u201d where electrons are lost through ULF wave driven radial transport toward the magnetopause boundary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2021ja029298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1642765531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Resolving Magnetopause Shadowing Using Multimission Measurements of Phase Space Density"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6181-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. A.","family":"Staples","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2315-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kellerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences University of California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-6451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. R.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2637-4786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. J.","family":"Rae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6089-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. K.","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0026-8395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JA025991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-008-9336-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-008-9378-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-008-9365-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93GL03532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/94EO01038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_8_1","first-page":"337","volume-title":"The Van Allen Probes mission","author":"Baker D. N.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JA025963"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_10_1","first-page":"383","volume-title":"The Van Allen Probes mission","author":"Blake J. B.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-015-0163-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008JA013128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_13_1","volume-title":"The International Radiation Belt Environment Modeling (IRBEM) library","author":"Boscher D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GL059626"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-015-0164-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL074587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JA011703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JA012411"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ066i008p02289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JA019534"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999GL003659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JA009202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ070i011p02503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JA022620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003JA010153"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JA010579"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98GL01002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JA010811"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5636\/jgg.42.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_30_1","volume-title":"Mid\u2010latitude geomagnetic indices \u201cASY\u201d and \u201cSYM\u201d for 2009 (Provisional)","author":"Iyemori T.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL079786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015JA021234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JA024879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02724906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JA013011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-0642-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JA01101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JA015755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26464\/epp2020060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2016JA022647"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_42_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"The Van allen Probes mission","author":"Mauk B. H.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-008-9440-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ071i015p03623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JA900146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JA007542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GL035727"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010GL042772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2010.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL076674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020GL092351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JA000187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JA026326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JA027179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JA012102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JA024674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002GL016513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GL066581"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL083712"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_61_1","volume-title":"GOES 13\u201015 MAGE\/PD pitch angles algorithm theoretical basis document","author":"Rodriguez J. V.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_62_1","volume-title":"GOES EPEAD science\u2010quality electron fluxes algorithm theoretical basis document","author":"Rodriguez J. V.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ072i003p00981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009JA014738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-65675-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4365\/ab6216"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JA900445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00165511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/aac204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JA016939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2006JA011657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98JA01103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JA094iA03p02505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JA092iA12p13485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017SW001698"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_76_1","series-title":"Monitoring Space Weather with the GOES magnetometers","author":"Singer H.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019JA027289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98JA01740"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/JA076i019p04446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2002JA009808"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL084419"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgra.50151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JA019446"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys2185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2003SW000057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2005JA011034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018SW001993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.26645"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/angeo-20-953-2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017JA024487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/2041-8213\/ab9179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-013-9993-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_3_1","first-page":"183","volume-title":"The Van Allen probes mission","author":"Wygant J. R.","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2021JA029298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2021JA029298","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2021JA029298","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2021JA029298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T03:44:35Z","timestamp":1692589475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2021JA029298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2021JA029298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2021ja029298","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1002\/essoar.10506455.1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2169-9380","2169-9402"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-9380","type":"print"},{"value":"2169-9402","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2021JA029298"}}