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Two geologic units are identified along the rim: the Shoemaker and Matijevic formations. The Shoemaker formation consists of two types of polymict impact breccia: clast\u2010rich with coarser clasts in upper units; clast\u2010poor with smaller clasts in lower units. Comparisons with terrestrial craters show that the lower units represent more distal ejecta from at least two earlier impacts, and the upper units are proximal ejecta from Endeavour crater. Both are mixtures of target rocks of basaltic composition with subtle compositional variations caused by differences in post\u2010impact alteration. The Matijevic formation and lower Shoemaker units represent pre\u2010Endeavour geology, which we equate with the regional Noachian subdued cratered unit. An alteration style unique to these rocks is formation of smectite and Si\u2010 and Al\u2010rich vein\u2010like structures crosscutting outcrops. Post\u2010Endeavour alteration is dominated by sulfate formation. Rim\u2010crossing fracture zones include regions of alteration that produced Mg\u2010sulfates as a dominant phase, plausibly closely associated in time with the Endeavour impact. Calcium\u2010sulfate vein formation occurred over extended time, including before the Endeavour impact and after the Endeavour rim had been substantially degraded, likely after deposition of the Burns formation that surrounds and embays the rim. Differences in Mg, Ca and Cl concentrations on rock surfaces and interiors indicate that mobilization of salts by transient water has occurred recently and may be ongoing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2021je006915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T17:49:11Z","timestamp":1630432151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Geology and Geochemistry of Noachian Bedrock and Alteration Events, Meridiani Planum, Mars: MER Opportunity Observations"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5920-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W.","family":"Mittlefehldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Astromaterials Research Office NASA\/Johnson Space Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7928-834X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ralf","family":"Gellert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6565-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"vanBommel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Guelph  Guelph ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond E.","family":"Arvidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington University in Saint Louis  Saint Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-8757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benton C.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science Institute  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5941-6372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry S.","family":"Crumpler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7906-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William H.","family":"Farrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science Institute  Boulder CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1928-2293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Golombek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology  Pasadena CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8276-1281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smithsonian Institution NASM CEPS  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1413-4002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard V.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astromaterials Research Office NASA\/Johnson Space Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7935-6039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schr\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Stirling  Scotland UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/lnms\/1215463786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JE003709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JE003746"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2016-5599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JE002338"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","series-title":"Large meteorite impacts III","first-page":"433","author":"Barlow N. 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