{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T18:18:16Z","timestamp":1790619496669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006198","name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Earth and Space Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurately measuring the variability of spectroscopic signatures of hydration (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O\u00a0+\u00a0OH) on the illuminated lunar surface at 3\u00a0\u03bcm as a function of latitude, lunar time of day, and composition is crucial to determining the generation and destruction mechanisms of OH species and understanding the global water cycle. A prime complication in analysis of the spectroscopic feature is the accurate removal of thermal emission, which can modify or even eliminate the hydration feature depending on the data processing methods used and assumptions made. An orbital multispectral lidar, with laser illumination at key diagnostic wavelengths, would provide uniform, zero\u2010phase geometry, complete latitude and time of day coverage from a circular polar orbit, and is agnostic to the thermal state of the surface. We have performed measurement simulations of a four\u2010wavelength multispectral lidar using spectral mixtures of hydrated mid\u2010ocean\u2010ridge basalt (MORB) glasses and lunar regolith endmembers to assess the lidar performance in measuring hydration signatures on the lunar surface. Our results show a feasible system with wavelengths at 1.5\u00a0\u03bcm, 2.65\u00a0\u03bcm, 2.8\u00a0\u03bcm, and 3.1\u00a0\u03bcm can measure lunar hydration with a precision of 52 ppm (1\u03c3) or better. These results, combined with the uniform measurement capabilities of multispectral lidar make it a valuable spectroscopic technique for elucidating mechanisms of OH\/H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O generation, migration, and destruction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2022ea002277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T10:28:39Z","timestamp":1657967319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simulated Lunar Surface Hydration Measurements Using Multispectral Lidar at 3\u00a0\u00b5m"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2211-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. R.","family":"Cremons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8248-8991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. I.","family":"Honniball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Postdoctoral Program NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  Greenbelt MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/amt\u201011\u20102001\u20102018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/PETROLOGY\/EGM068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561\u2010018\u20100065\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"524","volume-title":"Asteroids II","author":"Bowell E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511524899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JB00893"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v121\/i3\/391\u2010401"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019\u20101035(79)90056\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JE001590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MAES.2019.2950746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6025377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"5068","article-title":"Multiwavelength Lidar for remote spectroscopic measurements of the lunar surface","volume":"2241","author":"Cremons D. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lunar Surface Science Workshop"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL074723"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2014.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2017.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/ao.21.000448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2010.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011je003797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2018.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0019\u20101035(86)90108\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139025683"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL081821"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2020JE006484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","series-title":"Infrared technology and applications XLIV","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Evaluation of space radiation effects on HgCdTe avalanche photodiode arrays for Lidar applications","author":"Hubbs J. E.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2012.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018gl080008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li S.(2016).Water on the lunar surface as seen by the Moon minerology mapper: Distribution abundance and origins[PhD Thesis Brown University].https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7301\/Z0R49P73","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1701471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011je003837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1701471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2262391"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/97JE03145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2013JE004592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemer.2021.125858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2010.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2010JE003711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","volume-title":"Lunar Sourcebook: A User\u2019s Guide to the Moon","author":"McKay D. S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2021JE006845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/jb092ib04p0e617"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Lunar minerals","author":"Papike J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lunar Sourcebook: A User\u2019s Guide to the Moon"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1178658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JE004650"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2017.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2015.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214\u2010009\u20109512\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2005.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","unstructured":"Starukhina L. &Shkuratov Y. G.(2010).Simulation of 3\u2010\u00b5m absorption Band in lunar spectra: Water or solar wind Induced hydroxyl?1385. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/ui.adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/2010LPI.41.1385S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","series-title":"Comprehensive remote sensing","first-page":"412","volume-title":"Lidar sensors from space","author":"Sun X.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.oe.58.6.067103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.1179788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/93je00677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2009je003427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2000je001402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JE005805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JE003987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2007JD009744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1701286"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11216"}],"container-title":["Earth and Space Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2022EA002277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2022EA002277","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2022EA002277","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2022EA002277","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T01:52:52Z","timestamp":1692669172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2022EA002277"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2022EA002277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022ea002277","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-5084","2333-5084"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2333-5084","type":"print"},{"value":"2333-5084","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2022EA002277"}}