{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T05:09:51Z","timestamp":1768626591003,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82003559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82003559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82073668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82073668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive researches have linked air pollutants with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD), however, there is limited evidence on causal effects of air pollutants on morbidity of CVD or RD with comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus in elder patients. We included hospital admissions for CVD or RD among elder (\u226565\u00a0years) diabetic patients between 2014 and 2019 in Beijing. A time\u2010stratified case\u2010crossover design based on negative\u2010control exposure was used to assess causal associations of short\u2010term exposure to air pollutants with CVD and RD among diabetic patients with the maximum lag of 7\u00a0days. A random forest regression model was used to calculate the contribution magnitude of air pollutants. A total of 493,046 hospital admissions were recorded. Per 10\u00a0\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> uptick in PM<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>, PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, and 1\u00a0mg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in CO was associated with 0.29 (0.05, 0.53), 0.14 (0.02, 0.26), 0.06 (0.00, 0.12), 0.36 (0.01, 0.70), 0.21 (0.02, 0.40), \u22120.08 (\u22120.25, 0.09), and 4.59 (0.56, 8.61) causal effect estimator for admission of CVD among diabetic patients, corresponding to 0.12 (0.05, 0.18), 0.09 (0.05, 0.13), 0.05, 0.23 (0.06, 0.41), 0.10 (0.02, 0.19), \u22120.04 (\u22120.06, \u22120.01), and 3.91(1.81, 6.01) causal effect estimator for RD among diabetic patients. The effect of gaseous pollutants was higher than particulate pollutants in random forest model. Short\u2010term exposure to air pollution was causally associated with increased admission of CVD and RD among elder diabetic patients. Gaseous pollutants had a greater contribution to CVD and RD among elder diabetic patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2022gh000730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T06:39:15Z","timestamp":1687329555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Causal Associations of Air Pollution With Cardiovascular Disease and Respiratory Diseases Among Elder Diabetic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moning","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanshuang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1430-1360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and Health Edith Cowan University  Perth Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangtong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6657-6940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Capital Medical University  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and Health Edith Cowan University  Perth Australia"},{"name":"National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19010495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399815666191024085838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2542-5196(22)00122-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-07606-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"China. (2016).Ambient air quality standards GB 3095\u20102012."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-020-0278-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213-2600(20)30105-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"State council measures to enhance people's fitness","author":"Council T. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"885","article-title":"Annual report on cardiovascular health and diseases in China 2020","volume":"40","author":"Disease N. C. C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4877-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Government B. M.(2013).Beijing clean air action plan 2013\u20102017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Statistical bulletin of Beijing","author":"Government, B. M.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Health BCfBDaPRi. (2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-022-01887-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44358-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202111-2657oc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000000869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-022-01989-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","unstructured":"online. (2022).CMDSSS."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.18.2172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.109095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10102150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.151034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"730","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Diagnosis and management","volume":"101","author":"Saguil A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaa084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002668"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112600"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/m16-2607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5919482"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6449937"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6398971"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.5765588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","unstructured":"weijing. (2022a).ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","unstructured":"weijing. (2022b).ChinaHighCO dataset."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","unstructured":"weijing. (2022c).ChinaHighNO2 dataset."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","unstructured":"weijing. (2022d).ChinaHighSO2 dataset."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000189687.78760.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2021).Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1805647115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/9870798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2021.113878"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113498"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62133-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jphe.2018.03.03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftaa038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.843862"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9626-9"}],"container-title":["GeoHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2022GH000730","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T12:06:09Z","timestamp":1692533169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2022GH000730"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2022GH000730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022gh000730","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1403","2471-1403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1403","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-1403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2022GH000730"}}