{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:22:27Z","timestamp":1787314947967,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The World Health Organization has identified snakebite envenoming as a highest priority neglected tropical disease, yet there is a dearth of epidemiologic research on environmental risk factors, including outdoor temperature. Temperature may affect snakebites through human behavior or snake behavior; snakes are ectotherms, meaning outdoor temperatures influence their internal body temperature and thus their behavior. Here we investigate the relationship between short\u2010term temperature and snakebites in Georgia, one of the most biodiverse US states in terms of herpetofauna. We acquired emergency department (ED) visit data for Georgia between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2020. Visits for venomous and non\u2010venomous snakebites were identified using diagnosis codes. For comparison, we also considered visits for non\u2010snake (e.g., insects, spiders, scorpions) envenomation. Daily meteorology from the Daymet 1\u00a0km product was linked to patient residential ZIP codes. We applied a case\u2010crossover design to estimate associations of daily maximum temperature and snakebite ED visits. During the 7\u2010year study period, there were 3,908 visits for venomous snakebites, 1,124 visits for non\u2010venomous bites and 65,187 visits for non\u2010snake envenomation. Across the entire period, a 1\u00b0C increase in same\u2010day maximum temperature was associated with a 5.6% (95%CI: 4.0\u20137.3) increase in the odds of venomous snakebite and a 5.8% (95%CI: 3.0\u20138.8) increase in non\u2010venomous snakebite. Associations were strongest in the spring. We also observed a positive and significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) association for non\u2010snake envenomation, albeit slightly smaller and more consistent across seasons compared to those for snakebites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2022gh000781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T08:48:29Z","timestamp":1689065309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The Association Between Ambient Temperature and Snakebite in Georgia, USA: A Case\u2010Crossover Study"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5332-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariah","family":"Landry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"D\u2019Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6316-1640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howard H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ebelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1410-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noah","family":"Scovronick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Rollins School of Public Health Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.43190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007914"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1500249"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","article-title":"Snake\u2010bites: Appraisal of the global situation","volume":"76","author":"Chippaux J. P.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.05.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13207"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1656\/058.016.0216"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1643\/ch-16-513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Georgia Poison Center. (2021).Snakebites. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.georgiapoisoncenter.org\/poisons\/alerts-recent-trends\/snakebites\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Activity patterns. Snakes: Ecology and evolutionary biology","author":"Gibbons J.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.08.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2021.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00402703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Amphibians and reptiles of Georgia","author":"Jensen J. B.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14423\/smj.0000000000001156"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227x-11-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.21.1.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0377-1237(02)80140-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107629"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2018.1508690"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","unstructured":"Roman C.(2018).Hibernation vs brumation: Changing seasons."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"AC\u201017","volume-title":"Daymet: Daily surface weather data on a 1\u2010km grid for North America, version 3","author":"Thornton P.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-1694(96)03128-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2012.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2007).Rabies and envenomings: A neglected public health issue."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018).Global snakebite burden. 71st World Health Assembly Provisional agenda item 12.1."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2019).Snakebite envenoming: A strategy for prevention and control."}],"container-title":["GeoHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2022GH000781","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T17:09:47Z","timestamp":1692292187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2022GH000781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2022GH000781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2022gh000781","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1403","2471-1403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1403","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-1403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2022GH000781"}}