{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:22:56Z","timestamp":1791984176492,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003001","name":"Netherlands Space Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016773","name":"Shell Global Solutions International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CW284766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CW284766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GHG\u2010CCI+"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GHG\u2010CCI+"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000844","name":"European Space Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Methane+"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Methane+"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000844","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JGR Atmospheres"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emissions of methane (CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) in the Permian basin (USA) have been derived for 2019 and 2020 from satellite observations of the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) using the divergence method, in combination with a data driven method to estimate the background column densities. The resulting CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emission data, which have been verified using model data with known emissions, have a spatial resolution of approximately 10\u00a0km. The CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emissions show moderate spatial correlation with the locations of oil and gas production and drilling activities in the Permian basin, as well as with emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>). Analysis of the emission maps and time series indicates that a significant fraction of methane emissions in the Permian basin is from frequent widespread emissions sources, rather than from a few infrequent very large unplanned releases, which is important considering possible CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emission mitigation strategies. In addition to providing spatially resolved emissions, the divergence method also provides the total emissions of the Permian basin and its main sub\u2010basins. The total CH<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> emission of the Permian is estimated as 3.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7\u00a0Tg\u00a0yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for 2019, which agrees with other independent estimates based on TROPOMI data. For the Delaware sub\u2010basin, it is estimated as 1.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0Tg\u00a0yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for 2019, and for the Midland sub\u2010basin 1.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.3\u00a0Tg\u00a0yr<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. In 2020 the emissions are 9% lower compared to 2019 in the entire Permian basin, and respectively 19% and 27% for the Delaware and Midland sub\u2010basins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2022jd037479","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T04:18:48Z","timestamp":1674015528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Widespread Frequent Methane Emissions From the Oil and Gas Industry in the Permian Basin"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0336-6406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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