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In this study, we compare\u00a0the emissions of trace gases and aerosols for the year 2015 from three different global emission inventories, the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS), the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Global Anthropogenic Emissions (CAMS\u2010GLOB\u2010ANT), and Evaluating the Climate and Air Quality Impacts of Short\u2010Lived Pollutants version 6b (ECLIPSEv6b). We then employ the Community Atmosphere Model with chemistry version 6.0 within the Community Earth System Model version 2.2.0 to quantify the atmospheric chemistry and air quality impacts from the above three anthropogenic emission inventories, with a focus on PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters equal or less than 2.5\u00a0\u03bcm) and ozone (O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ). Our results indicate that differences between emission inventories are largest for black carbon, organic carbon, ammonia and sulfur dioxide, in terms of global annual total emissions. These differences in emissions across CEDS, CAMS, and ECLIPSEv6b lead to substantial variations in global annual totals and spatial distribution patterns. This study shows that the global annual total PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced premature mortality is three times higher than that from O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    mortality, indicating that PM\n                    <jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>\n                    is the primary contributor compared with O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    . An inter\u2010comparison of global human health impacts from CEDS, CAMS and ECLIPSEv6b indicates that 80% (CEDS), 81.2% (CAMS), and 77.6% (ECLIPSEv6b) of premature deaths due to anthropogenic activities are associated with Asia and Africa continents.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2024gh001223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:57:52Z","timestamp":1761037072000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of Anthropogenic Emission Estimates on Air Quality and Human Health Effects"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Halima","family":"Salah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Wayne State University  Detroit MI 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