{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:53:22Z","timestamp":1782316402443,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    While greenness has been linked to enhanced physiological and psychological health, its association with glaucoma remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effect of residential greenspace and domestic gardens on incident glaucoma. 357, 920 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Land use coverage percentages of greenspace and domestic gardens within 300 and 1,000\u00a0m buffers of participants' residential locations were estimated using land use databases. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between greenness exposures and incident glaucoma. Four\u2010way decomposition models were used to explore potential mediators or moderators in the pathway. Gene\u2010environment interaction effects were tested using multi\u2010trait genetic polygenic risk score of glaucoma and Myocilin p.Gln368Ter genotype. During a median (IQR) follow\u2010up of 13.5 (12.8, 14.1) years, 4, 046 glaucoma cases occurred. After full adjustment, the fourth quartile of greenspace was associated with 17.7% (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.823, 95%CI 0.723\u20130.937,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.003) and 19% (HR\u00a0=\u00a00.810, 95%CI 0.708\u20130.927,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.002) lower risk of incident glaucoma in 300 and 1000 m buffer. Domestic gardens showed a similar trend (4th quartile vs. 1st quartile: 300 m HR\u00a0=\u00a00.843, 95%CI 0.742\u20130.957,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.008; 1,000\u00a0m HR\u00a0=\u00a00.827, 95%CI 0.727\u20130.941,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.004), though restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association in 300\u00a0m buffer. Greenspace in 300\u00a0m buffer was associated with lower cornea\u2010compensated intraocular pressure. No significant mediating or interactive effects were identified for air pollution, recreational screen time, physical activities, or genetic predisposition. Residential greenspace and domestic gardens may be protective against glaucoma. Therefore, greenspace coverage should be incorporated into land use planning policies for public ocular health promotion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2025gh001367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:03:17Z","timestamp":1781791397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Residential Greenspace and Domestic Gardens, Genetic Predisposition, and Incident Glaucoma: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changjing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University  Xi'an China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yikeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1880-4208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuzhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai PR China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"},{"name":"Ningde Municipal Hospital Ningde Normal University  Ningde China"},{"name":"Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.324559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108423"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2024.103342"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Benedict W.(n.d.).Documentation of environmental indicators attributed to participants based on home location grid references. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/biobank.ndph.ox.ac.uk\/showcase\/refer.cgi?id=15374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214\u2010109X(17)30293\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100579\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP6161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102018\u2010025077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010023\u201001095\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010019\u20100556\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3964"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"European Environment Agency. (2019).The European environment\u2014State and outlook 2020.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2800\/96749"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Geneva: World Health Organization. (2020).WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"Geneva: World Health Organization. (2021).WHO global air quality guidelines: Particulate matter (\u200ePM2.5 and PM10)\u200e ozone nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673\u20105374.330594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201004965\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010023\u201001428\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.4477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114703"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173935"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(23)01289\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2023.115302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108869"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010023\u201003239\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.113930"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X16666171206144045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105859"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940\u2010022\u201000863\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313731110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2020.108323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.05.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192114506"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101193"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024\u2010022\u201000524\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010023\u201002365\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP8429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100164"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2023.6015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/42694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.65.3.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n604"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107084"}],"container-title":["GeoHealth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2025GH001367","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1029\/2025GH001367","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1029\/2025GH001367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:29:20Z","timestamp":1782314960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1029\/2025GH001367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1029\/2025GH001367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2025gh001367","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2471-1403","2471-1403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2471-1403","type":"print"},{"value":"2471-1403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2025GH001367"}}