{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:48:16Z","timestamp":1791874096588,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1A6A3A14043794"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A3A14043794"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The availability of data on ambient ammonia exposure is limited in both spatial and temporal resolutions, especially in rural areas, despite its potential health impacts and rapidly increasing emissions. In this study, a land\u2010use regression (LUR)\u2010based spatiotemporal modeling approach was applied to predict agricultural\u2010related ammonia concentrations at a fine spatial scale, extending the method's application in terms of the species of pollutant and the type of region. In this approach, spatiotemporal variations are primarily explained by a linear combination of temporal basis functions, with weights determined by LUR. We developed the model using ammonia concentrations we collected in 2022 and 2023 from 10 monitoring sites within Urbana\u2010Champaign, Illinois, along with geographic covariates focused on agricultural features. Analysis of the model structure showed that livestock farms and populated areas are associated with ammonia peaks in summer and winter, whereas croplands are more closely associated with peaks in spring and fall. Cross\u2010validated predictions showed high accuracies at most monitoring sites (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0\u2265\u00a00.69 at 90% of the sites), though accuracy varied by location, with lower accuracy linked to unique time trend in ammonia concentrations at a location. Finally, we mapped the seasonal predictions of ammonia concentrations across the study area at 30\u2010m spatial resolution. In contrast, alternative models using simpler formulation or a smaller selection of covariates could not achieve an acceptable level of performance in identical evaluations. These results demonstrate the potential of LUR\u2010based models as valuable tools for investigating agriculture\u2010related air pollution exposure and highlight their broader applicability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2025gh001517","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:06:11Z","timestamp":1791871571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Spatiotemporal Modeling Approach for Predicting Concentrations of Ammonia in an Agricultural Region"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1986-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeong Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei W.","family":"Tessum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2_1","unstructured":"Alemanno F.(2022).KissSmoothing.jl.https:\/\/github.com\/francescoalemanno\/KissSmoothing.jl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3_1","unstructured":"Alvim L.(2020).PartialLeastSquaresRegressor.jl.https:\/\/github.com\/lalvim\/PartialLeastSquaresRegressor.jl"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0160\u20104120(02)00186\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/acp\u201025\u20102017\u20102025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2023ms004186"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/141000671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2017.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00730"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es400156t"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013637118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374347-3.00011-1","article-title":"Sources, dispersion and fate of atmospheric ammonia","author":"Dragosits U.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nitrogen in the Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es301948k"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09603123.2015.1061113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-5885-1_1","article-title":"Modelling seasonal dynamics from temporal variation in agricultural practices in the UK ammonia emission inventory","author":"Hellsten S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acid Rain\u2010Deposition to Recovery"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2008.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00692"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ee9.0000000000000019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_20_1","unstructured":"Illinois Department of Agriculture. 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