{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:19:34Z","timestamp":1777983574638,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Geophysical Union (AGU)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017972","name":"National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017972","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["GeoHealth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nearly annually, blooms of the dinoflagellate\n                    <jats:italic>Karenia brevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    form along the southwest Florida coast leading to a variety of negative impacts, including respiratory irritation (RI) in humans. To limit these impacts, NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS) developed a RI model to provide beach\u2010goers with a category\u2010based estimate of RI risk at individual beaches along Florida's Gulf and Atlantic coasts. The RI model is based on: (a)\n                    <jats:italic>K. brevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell counts collected at individual beaches; (b) high resolution wind direction and speed forecasts and observations; and (c) point\u2010based beach shoreline orientation used to designate onshore and offshore winds. To test the model logic, an analysis of modeled RI was compared to same\u2010day RI reports, based on the frequency of coughs at individual beaches from the Beach Conditions Reporting System (BCRS). Overall, the model proved to be 88% accurate when\n                    <jats:italic>K. brevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    was present along the southwest Florida coastline from 2006 to 2022. In addition, validation efforts confirmed model assumptions, including: (a) reports of higher RI correlate with higher\n                    <jats:italic>K. brevis<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell abundances; and (b) when cells are present, onshore winds lead to a higher risk of RI. However, individual model categories (\u201clow,\u201d \u201cmoderate\u201d) were less robust. Furthermore, BCRS was not a direct measure of toxic aerosol presence, so some coughing (modeled false negatives) may result from other environmental factors. Together, results suggest the RI model accurately predicts \u201cvery low\u201d and \u201chigh\u201d risk, but that additional research is needed to better capture environmental conditions when RI is \u201clow\u201d or \u201cmoderate.\u201d\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2025gh001664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1775725001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predicting\n                    <i>Karenia brevis<\/i>\n                    Induced Respiratory Irritation at Individual Southwest Florida Beaches Using Cell Abundances Plus Wind Direction and Speed"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6546-9822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. M.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CSS Inc. at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1616-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. G.","family":"Hounshell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science  Beaufort NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulf of America Coastal Ocean Observing System Texas A&amp;M University  College Station TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mote Marine Laboratory  Sarasota FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. A.","family":"Hubbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission Fish and Wildlife Research Institute  St. Petersburg FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. C.","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5531-6860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. P.","family":"Stumpf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science  Silver Spring MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1568\u20109883(03)00005\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019262339802600214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0034\u20104257(91)90048\u2010B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13548166211068276"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06\u20101830"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","volume-title":"Coastal range monument locations","author":"Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"HAB monitoring database","author":"FWRI","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"GCOOS. 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