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Advances in machine learning techniques have spurred numerous studies aimed at estimating relative landslide propensity, but are limited to spatial (as opposed to temporal) prediction due to the sparsity of landslide timing data. We address this data gap by training SlideDetect, a 3\u2010dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN), to identify landslides based on their spatial and temporal occurrence within multitemporal image stacks. We use an inventory of landsides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido earthquake and two years of monthly composite optical imagery spanning this event. The model can identify not only landslide location but also landslide date with an area under the precision\u2010recall curve (PR\u2010AUC) of 0.84. We further present a new standard for presenting PR curve results that explicitly compares model performance at different confidence thresholds, allowing for clearer model evaluation and comparison. Our new approach to constraining landslide timing paired with this more consistent and objective method for evaluating model performance shows considerable promise, and with further application and testing, SlideDetect could enhance the data availability and tools needed to advance landslide hazard and risk assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1029\/2025jh001091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T03:07:56Z","timestamp":1787713676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["SlideDetect: Spatio\u2010Temporal Landslide Detection Using a Three\u2010Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.1029","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8782-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"Sutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science Stanford University  Stanford CA USA"},{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Hazards Science Center  Golden CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5550-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Mirus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Hazards Science Center  Golden CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1761-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Hilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science Stanford University  Stanford CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346\u2010024\u201002242\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064\u2010023\u201003188\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nhres.2025.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069\u2010022\u201005570\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC50000.2020.9219549"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2009.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346\u2010020\u201001513\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41064\u2010023\u201000232\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171161"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_11_1","unstructured":"Chollet F. &Others. 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